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Showing 1 to 20 of 138 for “"Medical Pharmacology"”.
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Role of Cytochrome P-450 in Methemoglobin Formation by Primaquine with Hamster Liver Microsomes
<p>The role of cytochrome P-450 in <em>in vitro</em> methemoglobin formation by primaquine was investigated through a series of experiments with golden-Syrian hamsters, treated before sacrificing with phenobarbital or 20-methylcholanthrene to increase the cytochrome P-450 content or with cobaltous …
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A Comparative In Vitro Metabolic Study of Certain Pesticidal Phenyl N-Methyl-Carbamates
<p>Two critical parameters in the evaluation of the toxicological hazards of the use of carbamate pesticides are: (1) a rapid, sensitive, and precise analytical method of identification of the carbamate and its metabolites; and (2) their metabolism. A method in this study was developed whereby …
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Functional Characterization of CRIP1a Knockout Mice
CB1 cannabinoid receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that mediate the central nervous system (CNS) effects of marijuana and endocannabinoids. Recently, cannabinoid receptor interacting protein 1a (CRIP1a) was discovered as a novel protein that binds to the CB1 receptor C-terminus and inhibits …
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Development of Natural Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors of XRCC4/XLF Interaction for Radio-Sensitization of Breast Tumor Cells
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women according to the American Cancer Society. The standard treatment regimen for breast cancer involves ionizing radiation combined with surgery and chemotherapy. Ionizing radiation induces a complex signaling response in cells …
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Nurse staffing, patient falls and medication errors in Western Australian hospitals: Is there a relationship?
… period from 76 nursing wards and wards (4,677 medical, 2,209 surgical, and 672 critical care wards incidents), and 320,009 nursing shift records in three hospitals, were examined. Measures: The occurrence and severity of shift-level inpatient falls and medication errors were measured as …
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The Role of Substance P in Opioid Induced Reward
Chronic pain affects approximately 100 million Americans. Opioids are the mainstay therapy for the treatment of chronic pain. While physicians and patients alike are apprehensive about using opioids due to their side effects including respiratory depression and addiction, 259 million opioid …
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Myelin Gene Expression: Implications for Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
Acute behavioral responses to ethanol have predictive value for determining an individual's risk of long-term drinking behavior. Although the neurobiology of alcohol abuse is complex, prior studies from our laboratory demonstrated differential myelin-associated gene expression (MAGE) in medial …
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Effect of Long-Term Hypoxia on Myocardial Alpha1- Receptors
<p>To determine the developmental changes in myocardial α<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptor system, we employed [<sup>3</sup>H-Prazosin] binding technique to characterize α<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors in both fetal and adult sheep myocardial ventricular membrane preparations. Myocardial …
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Effects of Pycnogenol on Microsomal Cytochrome P450 Activity and Apoptosis
<p>Phytochemicals are naturally-occurring compounds found in plants, many of which are consumed as nutritional supplements by humans. Pycnogenol is a mixture of flavonoid compounds extracted from bark of pine trees (Pinus maritima) and is commercially available in several different pharmaceutical …
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Development Of Novel Breast Cancer Chemotherapeutics Directed Towards The Attenuation Of Metastatic And Chemo-Resistant Breast Cancer
<p>Cancer has always plagued humans and animals alike. Throughout history, it has been called many names, been the center of myths and legends, and has been ritualistically studied in hopes of finding a cure. Did it arise from sin, or perhaps a curse, or did it simply happen at random? Cancer's …
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NSAIDs Modulate Morphine Transport at the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Role for P-glycoprotein
Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that experimental peripheral inflammatory pain (PIP), induced by subcutaneous plantar injection of λ-carrageenan in Sprague Dawley rats, results in increased expression and activity of the ATP-dependent efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that is …
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EARLY ADOLESCENT NICOTINE EXPOSURE HAS LONG-LASTING EFFECTS ON COCAINE-INDUCED BEHAVIORS IN MICE
<p>Nicotine is one of the most commonly used drugs among adolescent populations. Given the fact that adolescence is a unique developmental stage, during which nicotine has long-term effects on future drug-taking behavior, it is essential to understand how early exposure to nicotine during …
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THE IMPACT OF ADOLESCENT NICOTINE EXPOSURE ON DRUG DEPENDENCE IN ADULTHOOD
Nicotine is one of the first and most commonly abused drugs in adolescence. According to The Center for Disease Control, every day more than 6000 adolescents try their first cigarette and over 3000 of them become daily smokers. Smoking among adolescents is a strong predictor of future drug abuse …
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Determinants of Abuse-Related Effects of Monoamine Releasers in Rats
… compounds have a range of different uses in the medical setting, including treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and obesity. A major limitation of many of these compounds (i.e. amphetamine, methamphetamine, phenmetrazine) is their propensity for abuse; however, not …
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Integrated Multimodal Genomic Analyses Reveal Novel Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Resistance in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
<p>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Much has been discovered in recent decades regarding ALL biology, and the outcome of patients with ALL has vastly improved, especially in pediatric ALL patients. Despite very promising overall cure rates, patients who …
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Examining the Behavioral and Molecular Aspects of Adolescent Nicotine Dependence: Implications for Vulnerability to Drugs of Abuse
Approximately 200 million men and 100 million women smoke worldwide. In the United States, an estimated 25.9 million men (23.9 percent) and 20.7 million women (18.1 percent) are smokers. The commencement of smoking at a young age is thought to increase addiction liability, decrease the probability …
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Effect of cannabinoids on pain-stimulated and pain-depressed behavior in rats
Cannabinoids produce antinociception in many preclinical models of acute and chronic pain. In contrast, cannabinoids produce inconsistent analgesia in humans, showing little or no efficacy in treating acute pain, with modest efficacy in treating chronic inflammatory pain. This discrepancy may …
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The Influence of Sustained CB1 Blockade During Adolescence on Breakpoints in a Progressive-ratio Paradigm
The developmental psychopharmacology of cannabinoids is poorly understood and little is known about the developmental consequences of repeated exposure to cannabinoid antagonists. In these experiments, male Long-Evans rats were treated with SR141716A, a cannabinoid antagonist, throughout …
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Influence of the Vitamin D3 Analog EB 1089 on Senescence and Cell Death Pathways in the Response of Breast Tumor Cells to Ionizing Radiation
A senescence-like growth arrest succeeded by rapid recovery of proliferative capacity is observed in MCF-7 breast tumor cells exposed to fractionated radiation (5 x 2Gy) alone. Exposure to the vitamin D3 analog EB 1089 (100nM) prior to irradiation converts the initial growth arrest response to cell …
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Radiation Sensitization of Breast Cancer Cells by Vitamin D Through the Promotion of Autophagic Cell Death
Radiation therapy is a widely used tool in cancer therapy and is frequently offered as the first line of treatment for cancers of the breast. While radiotherapy is often initially effective in killing tumor cells or suppressing their growth, there are factors that confer tumor cell resistance to …
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