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Showing 1 to 20 of 123 for “"Mechanical forces"”.
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Molecular mechanisms involved in cell response to mechanical forces
New devices were designed to generate a localized mechanical vibration of flexible gels where human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured. The stimulation setups were able to apply relatively large strains (30%~50%) at high temporal frequencies (140~207 Hz) in a localized …
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The effects of mechanical forces on lymphocyte adhesion and migration
… Cells may sense altered gravitational forces through changes in the mechanical forces they experience. To study the effects of microgravity on lymphocytes using ground-based methods, we examined the effects of mechanical forces on cellular function. To assay lymphocyte function, …
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BEYOND CHEMICAL SIGNALING: MECHANICAL FORCES AS DRIVERS OF MITOTIC AND METABOLIC CONTROL
… process through which cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, plays a crucial role in cell homeostasis, survival and proliferation. Different types of human tissues present various mechanical properties, determinant for cell fate and health. Metabolic regulation and mitosis are among the …
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Control of cell fate decisions of embryonic stem cells by mechanical forces
Mounting evidences implicate mechanical properties of the substrates, upon which the cells adhere, to influence critical biological functions including cell fate decisions in mesenchymal stem cells. However, how embryonic stem cells respond to forces or underlying substrates is not clear at this …
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Effects of Mechanical Forces on the Biological Properties of Porcine Aortic Valve Leaflets
… the surrounding hemodynamic environment. Altered mechanical stresses, including pressure, shear and bending stresses, are believed to cause changes in valve biology, but the cellular and molecular events involved in these processes are not well characterized. Therefore, the overall goal of this …
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Mechanical forces and tumor cells: insight into the biophysical aspects of cancer progression
<p>Mechanical forces play an important role in the regulation of cellular behavior and physiological processes including adhesion, migration, proliferation, tissue repair, embryogenesis and development. In addition, a number of diseases including cancer, have been linked to changes in cellular and …
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Mechanotransduction Modulates the Effect of Mechanical Forces (Fluid Shear Stress and Cyclic Strain) on Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Toward Vascular Endothelial Cells
… as the vascular lineage that must function in a mechanical environment, the timely imposition of mechanical forces is critical. In order to develop functional endothelial cells from embryonic stem cells, we need to identify the imposed forces on the cells, demonstrate their effects and finally …
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Biomechanical regulation of epigenetics and chromatin organization in single living cells
Mechanical forces are known to play a key role in regulating various cellular functions that control human development, cancer, disease, and aging. It, however, remains elusive how mechanical cues regulate biochemical mechanisms in the nucleus that control cellular decision-making. These mechanisms …
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Rapid Rac GTP-ASE activation in live cells by mechanical stress is independent of Src
It is well-known that mechanical forces are crucial in regulating functions of every tissue and organ in a human body. However, it remains unclear how mechanical forces are transduced into biochemical activities and biological responses at the cellular and molecular level. Using the magnetic …
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Mechanically-induced intercellular remodeling of cardiomyocytes by magnetic micromanipulation
… such as hypertrophy. Understanding how local mechanical forces influence the remodeling of gap junctions can provide insight into arrhythmias and reentry circuits. In this work, I describe a system for exerting local mechanical forces on cardiomyocytes to study gap junction remodeling and I …
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Biophysical and gene expression change in living cells by force-induced mechanotransduction
… scientific evidences supporting the notion that mechanical forces are crucial in regulating the physiologic functions of cells and tissues. The importance of engineering principles in studying the biological behavior of cells is no longer in question. Instead, much research is now focused on how …
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Force-modulated growth of carbon nanotube forests
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can have exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical behavior, but successful use of CNTs in macroscale materials requires scalable processes to organize CNTs while preserving their intrinsic properties. Although the chemical influences on CNT growth have been subject to …
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Intranuclear strain measured by iterative warping in cells under mechanical and osmotic stress
… center for gene expression in the cell. Mechanical forces transfer to the nucleus directly and indirectly through specific cellular cytoskeletal structures and pathways. There is increasing evidence that the transferred forces to the nucleus orchestrate gene expression activity. Methods …
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Cellular responses to mechanical stresses applied via magnetic manipulators
… model aims to explain how a cell senses mechanical forces and translates them into molecular events, such as changes in intracellular ion concentrations, gene expression, post-translational protein modification, or cytoskeletal redistribution. Many studies of mechanotransduction explore …
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The Effect of Tool Rotation Speed and Clamping on Deformation in Friction Stir Welded 6061-T6511 Aluminum Extrusions
… effects on distortion in the welded panels. Mechanical forces were monitored during the weld process. Both linear and out of plane distortion were measured on the welded extrusions. The Vickers hardness of the weld nugget was measured. The effect of each parameter on weld distortion was …
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Lymphatic pathophysiology of tumors
… tumors. The second hypothesis addresses whether mechanical forces generated by the proliferation of cancer cells in a confined space compress lymphatic vessels in tumors. The mechanical forces inside of the tumor were reduced by the selective killing of human cancer cells grown in mice by …
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The Electrical Stimulation of Bone Formation.
… electric current and potential in response to mechanical forces. The same phenomena were reported in 1962 by Bassett who found that the potentials developed in the area of compression were negative, and positive in the area of tension. In 1968 Cochran performed experiments on wet bone as well …
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Force-induced mechanochemical reactions in polymeric systems
… the field of mechanochemistry, the energy from mechanical force is harnessed to induce and direct chemical reactions. One focus of the research presented investigates the spiropyran (SP) mechanophore (force-sensitive molecule) incorporated into different polymer systems. The SP mechanophore …
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The effects of force on actin-myosin ATPase activity
… Specifically, little is known about how the forces generated by muscle influence the chemistry of the force-generating reaction. We measured the effects of mechanical forces on the actin-myosin ATPase activity using a standard motility assay and analysis for skeletal and cardiac muscle …
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Chondrocyte biomechanics and chondrogenesis
… of cartilage research: understanding the biomechanical characteristics of single chondrocytes, and tissue engineering musculoskeletal cartilages with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Both of these areas of investigation are motivated by the significant economic and social burdens of …
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