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Showing 1 to 20 of 40 for “"Life cycle assessments"”.
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Green engineering and gate-to gate life cycle assessments for pharmaceutical products
… of two different drugs. Previous research in life cycle assessments and green engineering have focused on other products and processes, but only a limited amount of studies have been conducted for pharmaceutical applications. This analysis concerned a gate-to-gate analysis of two distinct …
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Accounting for Variability and Uncertainty in Life Cycle Assessments: Oil Sands Case Studies
Along the life cycle of oil sands-derived products, variability in terms of resource heterogeneity, operating decisions, as well as extraction and processing technologies affect a project’s GHG intensity. Previous LCAs that have quantified emissions from bitumen production and processing have not …
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Development of metrics for streamlined life cycle assessments : a case study on tablets
… impact of products and services we consume. Life cycle assessment (LCA) has become the most prominent method for environmental evaluation. Life cycle assessment is the quantification of the environmental impacts of a product or service through its whole life cycle, from the extraction of …
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Evaluation of probabilistic underspecification as a method for incorporating uncertainty into comparative life cycle assessments
Life cycle assessments are quickly becoming a crucial method through which the environmental impacts of products or processes are evaluated. A concern with current practice, however, is that the use of deterministic values for inputs and final results only represent a single scenario, not all …
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Carbon intensive but decarbonising quickly? Retrospective and prospective life cycle assessments of South African pome fruit
… in the industry itself. The Attributional Life Cycle Assessment (ALCA) methodology is used to determine the Global Warming Potential (GWP) per kg fruit for multiple boundaries within the value chain, retrospectively for the years 2000, 2010 and prospectively for 2020. The product system …
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Life cycle assessment of materials and construction in commercial structures : variability and limitations
Life cycle assessment has become an important tool for determining the environmental impact of materials and products. It is also useful in analyzing the impact a structure has over the course of its life cycle. The International Organization of Standardization's 14040 series specifies how to …
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Holistic value chain assessment of decentralized renewable energy in developing countries for impact investors : before and beyond life cycle analysis
… environmental One of the methods is to conduct Life Cycle Assessments on the products being sold in the developing countries to give impact investors a better understanding of the environmental sustainability of the products, services and systems being invested in. However, to maximize the …
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Evaluation of environmental foot printing techniques
… to define best practices and standards. Product life cycle assessment (LCA) capability is an important competency as customers begin to request environmental impact data. The current LCA standard is to use a commercial software package, such as GaBi or SimaPro, but these tools require significant …
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A comparison of technical and environmental merits of producing bio-ethanol and bio-methane from waste paper sludge
… approaches going beyond bulk incineration. Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) have shown that there is a large potential in bio-energy production from waste papers and cellulosic waste sludge, however, it is still unclear whether it would be more feasible to convert the mostly wet non-recyclable …
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Life cycle assessment of off-grid lighting applications : kerosene vs. solar lanterns
… manufacturing processes and requirements. Life cycle assessments examine the energy required and the emissions released over the entire existence of a product or process to allow for quantitative comparison among technology options. The results from a "cradle-to-user" life cycle assessment …
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Designer-User Validation of a Method for Predicting Cognitive Interventions for Sustainable Product Design
Life cycle assessments to measure the environmental impact of products is often limited by a lack of information about the use phase of a product. To aid this gap by encouraging sustainable user behavior from the early brainstorming and prototype phases of product development, principles of …
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Remanufacturing and energy savings
… used products having reached their end-of-life, are restored back to useful service-life. Remanufacturing utilizes the energy and embedded value retained in a product upon reaching end-of-life. Remanufacturing can close the loop between disposal and supply chains, extend the service …
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Investigating the Environmental Impacts of Western Canadian Tight Oil Resources
… of thirteen different tight oil formations; life cycle ‘well to wheels’ (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensity, freshwater use and induced seismicity. The impacts are assessed spatially and the trade-offs between the formations are considered. An attempt is made to address the …
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Strategies for mitigating adverse environmental impacts due to structural building materials
… purpose. Standardization and simplification of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools, and education of designers are identified as the main areas for improvement. The main recommendations are: i) standardize LCA tools; reduce the number of impact categories, make the categories understandable and …
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Stimulating carbon efficient supply chains : carbon labels and voluntary public private partnerships
… looks at the potential of labeling products with life cycle greenhouse gas emission information as a bottom-up, complementary alternative to carbon cap and trade systems. By improving the transparency of product carbon footprint information, a market for low carbon intensity products can be …
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Airborne Nanoparticles: Generation, Characterization, and Occupational Exposure
… The development of nanotechnology risk assessments and regulations requires quantitative information on the potential for exposure to nanomaterials. In addition, to facilitate life-cycle assessments and inhalation toxicology studies, robust methods are needed to generate aerosolized …
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Sustainability implications of carbon delivery in microalgae cultivation for the production of biofuel
… modeling combined with techno-economic and life-cycle assessments, this study examined the implications of various delivery methods of carbon to a production-scale algal biorefinery. Five primary carbon sources were considered: atmospheric CO2; CO2 from direct chemical or power plant waste …
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