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Showing 1 to 20 of 32 for “"Islets of Langerhans"”.
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Insulin-secreting tumors of the islets of Langerhans
Thesis (M.D.)—-Boston University
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Development of quantitative methods for quality assessment of islets of Langerhans
Transplantation of isolated islets of Langerhans has promising potential to cure type 1 diabetes by inducing long-term normoglycemia and insulin independence. The feasibility of clinical islet transplantations has been established according to the Edmonton Protocol. However, results are variable, …
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A Study of Glucose Stimulus Insulin Secretion Coupling using Lean and Obese Mouse Islets of Langerhans
… coupling has been investigated using isolated islets of Langerhans from lean homozygous (+/+) and genetically obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice. Streptozotocin inhibition of the insulin response to glucose but not glucagon suggests glucose sensitive sites and adenylate cyclase systems to be …
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Mechanism of Insulin Release From Islets of Langerhans in a Rat Model of Normal Infants and Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Neonatal hypoglycemia is common in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM). The hypoglycemia is believed to result from persistent insulin hypersecretion due to the elevated glucose concentration in utero. The mechanism for the hypersecretion of insulin is not known. The glucose sensing mechanism in the …
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THE VASCULAR RESPONSE WITHIN THE ISLET DURING BETA CELL DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION
The fetal development of the islets of Langerhans is dependent on bidirectional signalling with the surrounding capillary bed, to develop into the appropriate cell type. The neonatal rat pancreas undergoes a developmental β cell turnover that involves the apoptosis of immature β cells and their …
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Insulin based analogs HLVEALYLV and LVEALYLV to inhibit the formation of amyloid fibrils in beta cells
… peptide, co-secreted along with insulin in the islets of Langerhans of pancreatic beta cells. Aggregation of hIAPP fibrils is believed to be toxic to beta cells and responsible for beta cell dysfunction and death associated with type 2 diabetes. Insulin has been found to act against the actions …
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Synthesis and dye leakage assay of human and rat islet amyloid polypeptide 10-19 and insulin 14-18
… co-secreted along with insulin in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. During type 2 diabetes mellitus, human IAPP (hIAPP) fibrilizes to form amyloid deposits that are found post-mortem in more than 95% of people with the disease. Rodents do not suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus as their IAPP …
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MICROFABRICATION OF TITANIUM DIBORIDE PATTERNED ON SILICON SUBSTRATES FOR MONO- AND CO-CULTURE OF ENDOTHELIAL AND MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS
Transplantation of Islet of Langerhans is a treatment used in Diabetes Type I with an objective to introduce beta cells for secretion of insulin for controlling the glucose level in the body. Our project is focused on in vitro culturing of endothelial cells and mesenchymal cells on biocompatible …
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Eliminating oxygen supply limitations for transplanted microencapsulated islets in the treatment of type 1 diabetes
… Insulin is produced by [beta]-cells in the Islets of Langerhans, which are aggregates of cells averaging about 150 [mu]m in diameter and constituting about 1 to 2% of the pancreas volume. The efficacy of islet transplantation as a treatment for diabetes has been demonstrated in humans by the …
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Oxygen diffusion limitations in pancreatic islet culture and immunoisolation
Data for oxygen consumption by rat islets of Langerhans in a batch microreactor were fitted using a numerical solution of the transient oxygen diffusion-reaction equation. Average best-fit values were 3.1 +/- 0.7 x 10-8 mol/cm3-s for the maximum oxygen consumption rate Vmax in aminoacid-free media …
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Interactions of islet hormones with acetylcholine and cholecystokinin-octapeptide in the isolated pancreas of normal and diabetic rats
This study investigates the effects of the neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and galanin, the islet hormones insulin, glucagon and somatostatin, the neurotransmitter acetyicholine (ACh), the gut hormone cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), sodium nitroprusside (SNIP), 8-Bromo …
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The Effect of Insulin on the Nitrogen Metabolism of Teleost Fishes
… presented here has investigated certain aspects of the action of insulin in controlling the overall metabolism of nitrogen in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Morphological investigations of the Islets of Langerhans have shown them to be closely associated with the ducts of the diffuse exocrine …
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Hyphenation of analytical techniques to single cell capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry
Single cell chemical analysis pushes the limits of analytical measurements. Small volumes, large dynamic range, and chemical complexity all contribute to the analytical challenge of investigating single cell biology. To comprehensively study single cell chemistry, technologies require low limits of …
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ENDOTHELIAL- EPITHELIAL INTERACTIONS Blood vessels friends or foes?
Diabetes affects enormous amounts of patients. In type 1 diabetes the insulin producing β cells in the islet of Langerhans are destroyed by the immune system. The β cells, which are located in the pancreas, regulate blood glucose levels. The lack of insulin production requires administration of …
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The Disque Platform for the investigation of islet differentiation to study, treat, and cure Type 1 Diabetes
… health care need to generate large numbers of beta cells for transplantation. In Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), insulin-producing beta cells in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas, which support glucose homeostasis, are destroyed in an autoimmune attack. The ensuing loss of glycemic control …
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Mechanisms by which variants in the TCF7L2 gene increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes
… with a multifactorial aetiology comprising of genetic and environmental factors. The common variant most highly associated with T2DM known to date is a SNP rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene. However, the role TCF7L2 plays in the development of T2DM was unclear. Clinical, animal and in vitro …
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Microscale Tissue Engineering and Contributors of the Cellular Niche
The behaviour of cells is modulated by their microenvironment or ‘niche’. While cellular therapies offer promising curative solutions for many diseases, the efficacy of transplanted cells is often hampered by a suboptimal microenvironment. One strategy to overcome this limitation is to reconstruct …
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Insights into Mechanisms of Amyloid Toxicity: Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Amyloid andbeta-peptide (Aandbeta) and Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP)
Aggregation of proteins into amyloid deposits is a common feature among dozens of diseases. Two such diseases that feature amyloid deposits are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). AD toxicity has been associated with the aggregation and accumulation of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ); Aβ …
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Ricin B Chain-Insulin Fusion Protein Immunomodulation of Type 1 Diabetes
… is a debilitating chronic inflammatory disease of the insulin-producing pancreatic islet β-cells that results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Attempts to suppress Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases such as T1D by mucosal delivery of autoantigens for immunotolerization have …
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A NOVEL METHOD TO INTERFERE WITH GENE EXPRESSION IN MICE
Transgenic animals are generated by injection of recombinant DNA sequences into fertilized oocytes. Here I applied a new methodology for the generation of transgenic knockdown mice using the LentiLox 3.7 lentivirus as a transfer vehicle bearing an U6-promoter dependent shRNA expression cassette. …
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