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Showing 1 to 20 of 186 for “"Islet"”.
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Islet Dysfunction In Diabetes
… cells [INS-1 832/13], primary rodent and human islets strongly suggest that glucotoxicity induced pancreatic beta cell damage involves the degradation of nuclear lamins A and B, via ER stress-mediated activation of executioner caspases 3 and 6. We confirmed this by employing pharmacological …
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Immunoisolation Approaches for Islet Transplantation
The widespread use of islet transplantation as a treatment for type 1 diabetes is limited in part by the necessity for long term immunosuppression. The principle of immunoisolation is to create a physical barrier surrounding the islets to prevent immune destruction after implantation, therefore …
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Maintaining islet quality during culture
Islet transplantation has become a promising treatment for type I diabetes mellitus due to recent success since the development of the Edmonton Protocol. Islet culture prior to transplantation is standard practice in most clinical islet programs. Conventional culture conducted on polystyrene …
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Inhibition of TLR4 minimizes islet damage due to sterile inflammation and improves islet transplant outcomes.
Islet transplantation has emerged as an important treatment option for brittle type 1 diabetes and as an adjunct procedure after total pancreatectomy to prevent brittle diabetes. The efficacy and long-term function of islet transplantation have significantly improved over the last two decades. …
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Strategies for improving islet transplantation outcome
Allogeneic islet transplantation offers the possibility to treat selected patients with brittle Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Limited availability of islets is a major obstacle to the more widespread use of islet transplantation as a therapy for the majority of patients with T1DM. This is …
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Dynamic contrast-Enhanced MRI of Pancreatic Islet Transplants
… by the loss of insulin-producing pancreatic islets, transplantation of donor islets has the potential to not only supplement insulin replacement therapy but to cure type 1 diabetes. However, long-term insulin independence (> 2 years post-transplant) remains a challenge partly due to low islet …
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Regulating Distinct Cell Lineages in the Pancreatic Islet
… pancreas. Understanding the mechanism of normal islet and β cell development will be an important step in developing possible treatments for the disease. Nkx2.2 is essential for proper β cell differentiation. Nkx2.2 mice show a complete absence of insulin-producing β cells, a 90% reduction of …
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Mechanisms of regulation of islet function by nadph oxidase
… species [ROS] plays a second messenger role in islet â-cell function. Further, evidence from multiple laboratories suggests a tonic increase in ROS generation is necessary for GSIS and fatty acid-induced insulin secretion. On the other hand, excessive ROS generated during glucolipotoxic / …
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Oxygen diffusion limitations in pancreatic islet culture and immunoisolation
Data for oxygen consumption by rat islets of Langerhans in a batch microreactor were fitted using a numerical solution of the transient oxygen diffusion-reaction equation. Average best-fit values were 3.1 +/- 0.7 x 10-8 mol/cm3-s for the maximum oxygen consumption rate Vmax in aminoacid-free media …
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Structure-function analysis of the essential islet regulatory factor Nkx2.2
… of these cell populations, the Nkx2.2-/- null islet is replete with ghrelin-producing epsilon cells. An Nkx2.2-repressor fusion protein derivative (Pdx1:Nkx2.2-EnR) expressed in the Nkx2.2-/- background can fully rescue the alpha cell population, but can only specify a few immature beta cells, …
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Novel Roles of Gastrin and Cholecystokinin in Islet Beta Cell Proliferation
… of several factors. In the last decade, islet transplantation has re-emerged as a viable option for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes, thanks to greatly improved islet isolation protocols and immunosuppressive regimens. Despite these advancements, the supply of available islet beta cells …
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Programmed death-1 regulates islet-specific lymphocytes in type 1 diabetes
… to understand how the PD-1 pathway regulated islet-specific CD4+ T cells during type 1 diabetes (T1D) progression in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Since insulin itself is one of the main antigens driving T1D, we developed insulin peptide:MHCII tetramer reagents to track insulin-reactive CD4+ …
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THE VASCULAR RESPONSE WITHIN THE ISLET DURING BETA CELL DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION
The fetal development of the islets of Langerhans is dependent on bidirectional signalling with the surrounding capillary bed, to develop into the appropriate cell type. The neonatal rat pancreas undergoes a developmental β cell turnover that involves the apoptosis of immature β cells and their …
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The Human Pancreatic Islet Methylome and Its Role in Type 2 Diabetes
Islet dysfunction is central to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Epigenetic modifications are essential for establishing and maintaining cell identity and function in normal circumstances. Exposure to adverse environmental factors may alter the epigenome, and result in …
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Effect of hypoxia on insulin secretion and viability of pancreatic islet tissue
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1990.
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The Free Fatty Acid Receptor GPR40 - expression and role in islet hormone secretion
… and insulin release from isolated pancreatic islets. A similarly increased glucagon secretion from alpha-cells was demonstrated after we established that these cells also express GPR40. Antisense knock-down of GPR40 abolished the effect of FFA stimulation on hormone secretion from both cell …
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The role of plant extracts on islet function in vivo and in vitro
… MIN6 β-cell line and isolated mouse and human islets. The in vivo data showed that OSA® increased insulin levels and reduced blood glucose in patients with T2DM and ameliorated glucose intolerance in animal model of diabetes. The in vitro data demonstrated that OSA® and CP have a direct …
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The Roles of Rap1 in Cancer Metastasis and Pancreatic Islet Beta Cell Function
… biologies: cancer metastasis and pancreatic islet β-cell function.</p><p>Elucidating the mechanisms of prostate and breast cancer survival and metastasis are critical to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Examination of prostate cancer cell lines revealed cells with a high …
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Retinoic Acid Pathway Inhibition to Expand Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells with Islet Regenerative Capacity
Cellular therapy to induce islet regeneration is emerging as a novel treatment strategy for diabetes. Umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) isolated by high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDHhi) reduce hyperglycemia after transplantation into …
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Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy to Improve the Outcome of Human Islet Transplantation
… in 1990s, the Edmonton Protocol for human islet transplantation has helped more than 500 patients with type 1 diabetes worldwide and met great success from bench to bedside. The Edmonton Protocol involves isolating islets from a cadaveric donor pancreas by enzymatic digestion and infusing …
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