Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 181 for “"Immunology and Infectious Disease"”.
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Ctla-4 transcriptional activation: regulation of induced expression
… cell surface protein that is homologous to CD28 and binds to the B7 family of ligands. Unlike CD28, CTLA-4 interaction transmits a negative signal in T cells, leading to suppression of proliferation. CTLA-4 is constitutively expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs) but is also inducible in …
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Single-cell NAD(H) levels predict clonal lymphocyte expansion dynamics
… normalizes proliferation across affinities and enhancing NAD biosynthesis permits expansion of lower affinity clones. Furthermore, single-cell differences in NAD(H) predict division potential for both T- and B-cells, prior to the first division, unmixing proliferative heterogeneity. We …
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IL-27 AND THE REGULATION OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY DURING TOXOPLASMOSIS
… response to the pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, and the majority of the studies on IL-27 during this infection have focused on its ability to limit T cell responses. The basis for this suppressive activity is unclear, but it was proposed that the ability of IL-27 to promote T cell expression of …
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On Immunological Imprinting
… to the same antigen with increased speed and magnitude. For rapidly mutating respiratory pathogens such as influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, subsequent encounters are not to the same antigen, but rather one that has mutated and formed new epitopes. Immunological imprinting (formerly known …
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THE INNATE CYTOKINE IL-18 INHIBITS CNS AUTOIMMUNITY THROUGH PREFERENTIAL ACTIVATION OF PROTECTIVE CD8 T-CELLS
… is an innate, inflammasome-activated cytokine and potent amplifier of T-cell activation. In excess, IL-18 is associated with certain autoinflammatory, but not autoimmune, diseases. We tested how excess IL-18 affected susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of …
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Continuous expression of TOX safeguards exhausted CD8 T cell epigenetic fate
… cell (Tex) function, the underlying epigenetic landscape of Tex remains largely unchanged, preventing their durable “reinvigoration.” Whereas the transcription factor (TF) TOX has been identified as a critical initiator of Tex epigenetic programming, it remains unclear whether TOX plays an …
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Particulates Initiate Immune Response Via Inducing Oxidative Stress-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
… are clinically used both as delivery vectors and immune adjuvants to treat many human infectious and cancerous diseases. However, how liposomes interact with host immune system remains poorly understood. Particularly, little is known about whether an innate immune receptor exists to sense …
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Psychosocial Distress Mediates Immune Dysregulation Through Alterations in Global Epigenetic Patterns and Chromatin Remodeling Proteins
… by increased perceived stress, anxiety and mood disturbance, is a common response of women to a diagnosis of breast cancer (Northouse, 1992; Pettingale et al., 1988; Stark and House, 2000; Witek-Janusek et al., 2007). This psychosocial distress leads to activation of the …
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Aging Effects on Acute Lung Inflammation After Burn Injury
<p>The risk of complications and death after a moderate sized burn injury is significantly higher in persons over the age of 65, while almost non-existant in young, healthy individuals. The studies outlined below use a murine model to determine the mechanisms behind the development of pulmonary …
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Mechanism for Pre-B Cell Loss in Mutant Ali/Ali Rabbits
… rearrange VH1, a gene >90% identical to VH4, and develop normally. We hypothesized that VH4-utilizing cells are blocked at the pro- to pre-B cell transition due to defects in pre-BCR signaling. The pre-BCR is a complex of the μ-chain and a light chain-like molecule called surrogate light chain …
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EARLY-LIFE EXPOSURES TO SPECIFIC COMMENSAL MICROBES TRAIN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND PREVENT TYPE 1 DIABETES
… regulatory T cells (pTregs) in the intestines and pancreatic lymph nodes while restraining IFNγ in the pancreatic islets. Remarkably, this protection from developing T1D is completely dependent on early-life colonization of NOD mice by PedsCom, thereby demonstrating a critical time window in …
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INNATE IMMUNITY IN ENCEPHALITIC BUNYAVIRUS INFECTION: OVERCOMING NEURONAL VULNERABILITY
… arthropod-borne bunyaviruses cause encephalitic disease in humans, primarily infecting neurons in the brain. Two of the most prominent examples are Rift valley fever virus (RVFV), and La Crosse virus (LACV). These viruses may preferentially infect neurons due to dampened neuronal innate immune …
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MEMORY TH17 CELLS IN THE LUNG DURING SECONDARY BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA FOLLOWING INFLUENZA A VIRUS INFECTION
… infection is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality associated with influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Specifically, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) are the most common cause of lethal secondary bacterial pneumonia in IAV infected individuals. …
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SKIN COMMENSAL STAPHYLOCOCCUS PROMOTES SYSTEMIC V-GAMMA-6 GAMMA-DELTA T CELL RECONFIGURATION
… is known to regulate both local immune responses and systemic functions in healthy hosts. However, it remains unclear whether the skin microbiota – resident on the body's largest barrier – can influence systemic responses. Skin-resident Staphylococcus aureus is a common commensal bacterium found …
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Development and Maintenance of Thymic Epithelial Microenvironment
… organ responsible for proper development and selection Of T-‐cells. The thymic microenvironment, however, undergoes age related involution, Resulting in a reduction of the repertoire of T-‐cells that are produced, and a decreased Capacity to respond to new antigen. Even though …
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Optimization of an Immune Assay to Detect Binding of NOD2 to Staphylococcus Aureus
… is the cause of a multitude of opportunistic diseases and infections. While <em>S. aureus</em> has evolved ways to escape innate immune responses in the host, the mechanisms are not fully understood. One area of active research involves mechanisms by which <em>S. aureus</em> avoids detection …
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Space-time statistical analysis of malaria morbidity incidence cases in Ghana: A geostatistical modelling approach
Malaria is one of the most prevalent and devastating health problems worldwide. It is a highly endemic disease in Ghana, which poses a major challenge to both the public health and socio-economic development of the country. Major factors accounting for this situation include variability in …
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UNDERSTANDING PLACENTAL IMMUNITY: CYTOKINE CONTROL OF CONGENITAL VIRAL INFECTION
… barrier, establish infection in the fetus, and cause adverse pregnancy outcomes or congenital disease. To combat this, the placenta has evolved potent defenses including the constitutive secretion of antiviral factors called cytokines. Previous work has identified antiviral cytokines in the …
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Complex N-Glycosylation in Anti-Tumor Immunity
… be attributed to a difficulty in early detection and a lack of effective treatments. Tumor-associated glycans represent a potential anti-tumor target for two reasons: (i) protein glycosylation is known to play a role in tumor progression, and (ii) alternatively glycosylated proteins may function …
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Sensory Neurons Initiate Tuft Cell-Dependent Sinonasal Allergic Inflammation via Substance P
The precise role and potential interactions of tuft cells with trigeminal sinonasal neurons in the context of allergic disease remain largely unexplored and unclear. This study investigated the impact of intranasal administration of house dust mite or fungal allergens on these cells and sought to …
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