Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 32 for “"IL-21"”.
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STEPWISE DIFFERENTIATION OF IL21-PRODUCING FOLLICULAR HELPER T CELLS REVEALS DISTINCT DEVELOPMENTAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATES
… mechanism of adaptive immunity. Interleukin (IL)-21 is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by Tfh cells, however the signals that license IL-21 production by these cells during their differentiation are unknown. Here we use fate mapping and reporter strategies to show that, after initial …
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The Role of CD4+ T cells in the CD8+ T cell Response to Vaccinia Viral Infection
… the primary and memory recall responses, it is still unclear how CD4 T cell help promotes CD8 T cell survival. The second aim of this project was to determine the mechanism of CD4 help for the survival of activated CD8 cells. We first showed that CD4 help in vitro was mediated by IL-21, a cytokine …
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Cytokine priming enables triggering of naive auto-reactive CD8[superscript +]T cells by weak agonist ligands of the TCR
… peptide presented on class-I major histocompability complex (MHC-I) molecules. The second signal is delivered via the co-stimulatory receptors upon recognition of their ligands on antigen presenting cells. However, in response to homeostatic pressure, as in lymphopenia, naive T cells undergo …
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IGE PRODUCTION REGULATION VIA CD23 STALK ENGAGEMENT AND CELL CYCLE STIMULATION
… were found to inhibit IgE production in IL-4/antiCD40 stimulated B cells. The inhibition observed was dependent on the Fc portion of the antibody, implicating a role for FcγRIIb, an inhibitory receptor, in the IgE reduction. It was also shown that the addition of anti-stalk antibodies …
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Membrane Bound Il21 Promotes Natural Killer Cell Expansion Through Mir 124-3P Mediated Regulation
<p>Natural Killer (NK) cells are cells of the innate immune system that act as first line of defense against viral infections and participate in tumor immune surveillance. NK cells do not cause graft versus host disease (GvHD), or require prior antigen exposure to exert anti-tumor activity, hence …
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Transcription factor regulation of T helper subset function
… and B cells are integral components of the ability of the immune system to generate focused immune responses. The development of specialized subsets of T helper cells is governed by transcription factors. Previous work demonstrated a requirement for the transcription factor PU.1 in the …
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Batf regulates previously unknown AP-1 target genes to control TH17 differentiation
… and activating transcription factor: ATF) family proteins that are characterized by a basic region and a leucine zipper domain. While many AP-1 proteins also contain defined transcriptional activation domains: TADs), some consist only of a basic region and leucine zipper and are thought to …
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Lymphodepletion with repeated cycles of alemtuzumab and secondary autoimmunity after alemtuzumab treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
… was shown to correlate with reduced susceptibility to alemtuzumab. In addition, activated proliferating T lymphocytes, as observed after treatment, downregulated CD52 expression in a gene expression assay and shed the antigen from cell surface as demonstrated by ELISA and flow cytometry. The …
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Characterization and Optimization of Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses During Ex Vivo Expansion of Melanoma Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
… involves an initial phase (pre-REP) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) expansion ex vivo from tumor isolates followed by a second phase, “rapid expansion protocol” (REP) generating the billions of cells used as the TIL infusion product. The main question addressed in this thesis was how the …
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In vitro generation and programming of human CD8+ memory T cells
… rested memory cells in vitro, supported by IL-7. Utilizing this system, we found that three-day cytokine exposure during priming distinctively programmed the cytokine secretion profiles and cellular phenotypes of the memory populations 21 days later. Priming in the presence of IL-12 was …
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INVESTIGATING IMMUNE SYSTEM REGULATION THROUGH CROSS-DISEASE GENETIC ANALYSIS AND B CELL FATE DECISIONS
Autoimmune diseases cluster into families, suggesting a shared genetic mechanism. Common genetic causes might indicate shared pathogenic mechanisms that cross-disease therapies could target. In this thesis, I investigated the genetic relationship among nine immune-mediated diseases. I identified …
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Signal specificity amongst STAT1- and STAT3- inducing cytokines in the context of Th17 differentiation
… for our survival in that it gives us the capability of detecting a wide variety of foreign material, allows for the elimination of pathogens, and provides memory to protect against future attacks by the same pathogen. Key mediators of the adaptive immune response are CD4+ T cells, which …
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Studies on the differentiation of inflammatory and regulatory T-cells
… T-cells, suppressing inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-21, IFN\(_y\) and IL-22) whilst enhancing regulatory markers (CTLA-4, CD25, FoxP3 and IL-10). Consistently, 1,25(OH)\(_2\)D\(_3\)-treated T-cells suppressed division of naive T-cells stimulated by dendritic cells (DCs). Strong …
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Regulation of Autoimmune Germinal Center Reaction By Tfh Cells and Application of Tfr-Like Cells For The Treatment of Autoimmune B Cell Responses
… Tfh cell responses. Recent studies unveiled that Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Treg cells expressing CXCR5 can migrate into the germinal center (GC) zone where they specifically suppress GC reactions <em>in vivo</em>, presumably by directly suppressing B cells and/or Tfh cells. These …
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Effect of progestin-based hormonal contraceptives on genital inflammation and Th17 cell activation in adolescents at high risk for HIV infection
… Africa, and may offer an improved safety profile over NET-EN and DMPA in terms of HIV risk for young women. Recently, Th17 cells have been found to be disproportionally susceptible to HIV infection compared to the other T helper subsets although the impact of HC use on Th17 cell frequency and …
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The role of human CD23 in lgE homeostasis & allergic disease
… and soluble<br/>forms. CD23 also binds CD21 with a distinct binding site to IgE. Soluble CD23<br/>(sCD23) fragments are released from trimeric membrane CD23 (mCD23) by the<br/>endogenous metalloprotease, ADAM10. It has been suggested that trimeric sCD23 fragments can co-ligate membrane IgE …
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Determination of functionally distinct subsets of human tonsillar and blood T follicular helper (Tfh) cells.
… T cell subset specialized for B-cell help. While our knowledge on the biology of Tfh cells has dramatically increased during the past decade, a vast majority of observations were made in mouse models. Our knowledge on the biology of human Tfh cells has been limited compared to mouse Tfh cells. …
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REGULATION OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES TO PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI MALARIA INFECTION
Malaria killed an estimated of 437,000 people last year, most of them children. While there is a vaccine nearly licensed, it only induces limited and short-lived protection. A major problem in the development of an effective vaccine is the poor understanding of the mechanisms that generate …
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Improving Nk Cell Therapy For Osteosarcoma
… the last 30 years. Adoptive transfer of Natural Killer (NK) cells holds promise for a new, non-toxic therapy for OS. NK cells are part of the innate immune system and readily kill metastatic and chemotherapy-resistant OS <em>in vitro</em> and in murine models. However, there is little data …
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Regulation of the germinal center reaction by T helper cells and T regulatory cells
… important for both TFH cell differentiation and IL-4 production by Th2 cells. IL-4 is a major functional cytokine produced by TFH cells. To dissect the role of STAT3 in IL-4 production by TFH cells, we generated T cell-specific conditional STAT3 knockout mice (STAT3KO). Compared to WT mice, TFH …
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