Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 27 for “"Human gut microbiome"”.
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Evolutionary dynamics of the human gut microbiome
The composite members of the human gut microbiome encounter a myriad of selective pressures from the host environment and other microbial members in the ecosystem. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of microbial species in the gut microbiome requires sequencing information that differentiates …
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The impact of microgravity conditions on human gut microbiome
The human gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in maintaining overall health by regulating metabolism, immune function, and neurological processes. Disruptions to its balance can lead to various health complications. Space exploration introduces unique environmental challenges, particularly …
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Engineering the human gut microbiome through personalized dietary interventions
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a dense and dynamic microbial community. The composition and metabolic output of the human gut microbiota have been implicated in many diseases: from inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and diarrheal diseases to metabolic syndromes like …
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Dietary Manipulation of Metabolic Function in the Human Gut Microbiome
<p>The human gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as having a causal or contributing role in a wide variety of diseases. While mechanisms by which the microbiome contributes to or triggers disease processes are myriad, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production has been found to be a powerful …
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Structural characterization of glycyl radical enzymes in the human gut microbiome
Anaerobic bacteria play important roles in the human gut microbiome and have dedicated chemical pathways for growth in the absence of oxygen. Glycyl radical enzymes (GREs) use an oxygen-sensitive glycyl radical cofactor to perform challenging, radical-based chemistry. Generation of this cofactor …
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Investigating the longitudinal dynamics of the human gut microbiome and immune system
This thesis reports three explorations of two human-associated biological systems: the gut microbiome and the adaptive immune system. These two systems are closely intertwined, and engage in significant crosstalk with each other and with the rest of the body. Advances in recent years in …
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Computational prediction of health status from the human gut microbiome and metabolome
… collection of microorganisms that reside in the gut is termed the gut microbiome and is crucial to overall human well-being. Gut microbiome dysfunction, or dysbiosis, has been implicated in a broad range of diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), cardiovascular diseases, kidney …
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LARGE-SCALE METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY HUMAN GUT MICROBIOME BIOMARKERS OF CARDIOMETABOLIC HEALTH
The human gut microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract, is recognized as a critical modulator of host physiology. Imbalances in its composition have been linked with a range of human diseases, including cardiometabolic disorders. Diet is both a …
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A 3D in vitro model of the human gut-microbiome. A bioelectronics approach.
Over the past decades, the human gut microbiota has emerged as a key player in the bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis, affecting various aspects of health and disease. Although a vast array of studies have revealed the specific role of gut microbiota in various physiological and …
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High-Throughput Discovery of Stimuli of Bacterial Two-Component Systems from the Human Gut Microbiome
The human gut microbiota is a dense and diverse community of bacteria that interact with the host and have major impacts on health and disease. Two-component systems (TCS) are the primary means by which bacteria, including those in the gut microbiome, sense and adapt to their environment. The …
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Virtual microfluidics : a novel single-cell technology based on diffusion-restricted reaction that makes high-quality low-input genomic research accessible
… diversity of complex systems, such as the human gut microbiome and the evolution of human cancer, has been revealed with advances in DNA sequencing. But we are still at an early stage in understanding this genomic diversity to expand our knowledge in biology and for biomedical applications. …
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Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Glycyl Radical Enzymes Abundant in Mammalian Gut Microbiota
… one of the most abundant enzyme families in the human gut microbiome, a majority of these enzymes still remain uncharacterized, however, limiting our understanding of how they function at the molecular level. To address this need, Chapters 2 and 3 of my dissertation focus on structurally and …
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Covalent DNA Modifications in Phage and Bacterial Dynamics
The microorganisms on and in the human body play a significant role in health and disease; however, little is known about how the interactions between these complex communities affect our wellbeing. This study examines how bacteria and phage interact through bacterial nucleases that restrict …
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Systems approaches to infer microbial community interactions and their impacts on ecosystem function
… context shape the functional capabilities of microbiomes is of vital importance if we want to engineer these systems to address challenges in human health and the health of natural ecosystems. Here, I show how systems approaches can be leveraged to overcome the inherent limitations of …
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Addressing geometric abnormalities and algorithmic shortcomings in metagenomic analysis.
Our work aims to identify shortcomings in microbiome analysis methods, making maximal use of sequencing data output to accurately represent sample relationships in a microbiome dataset. We introduce LMdist, a dimensionality reduction method for adjusting pairwise distances to more accurately …
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Structural studies of radical enzymes in bacterial central metabolism
… of organic compounds, and as key members of the human gut microbiome. The absence of oxygen limits the chemistry that bacteria can perform; however, these organisms do make use of organic radical cofactors that are oxygen sensitive. This thesis presents a structural analysis of three enzymes that …
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Cell-free synthetic biology for affordable, on-demand diagnostics
… RNA toehold switch sensors to detect RNAs from human gut microbiome. We showed that this method could quantify bacterial and human RNA transcripts comparably to gold standard methods while reducing time and cost. Next, I used similar cell-free detection technology to create a set of fruit …
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Prebiotic supplementation with inulin and exercise influence gut microbiome composition and metabolic health
… lack of exercise, and detrimental changes to the gut microbiome. Dietary intake and exercise are modifiable lifestyle factors for reducing T2D risk; however, several questions remain unanswered related to the efficacy and role of prebiotics and exercise, and their respective influences on gut …
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The Influence of Diet on the Mammalian Gut Microbiome
<p>The mammalian gut is residence to a large microbial community whose collective set of millions of genes: microbiome) encodes a vast array of functions, including many that process dietary components. Few tools are available to change the microbiome's properties to promote host health because the …
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Effects Of Diet And Parasites On The Gut Microbiota Of Diverse Sub-Saharan Africans
ABSTRACT EFFECTS OF DIET AND PARASITES ON THE GUT MICROBIOTA OF DIVERSE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICANS Meagan A. Rubel Sarah A. Tishkoff Contemporary African populations possess myriad genetic and phenotypic adaptations to diverse diets, varying climates, and infectious diseases. Most microbiome studies to …
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