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Showing 1 to 20 of 32 for “"Human Placenta"”.
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Adaptation to environmental stress in the human placenta
The placenta mediates fetal growth by acting as a substrate for nutrient exchange between the mother and the fetus. Environmental factors such as altitude have been shown to result in reduced maternal-fetal exchange leading to reduced birth weight. To determine if differences in gene expression …
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Oxygen Transport in the Human Placenta: A Multi-Physics Modelling Approach
… to study the oxygen transport mechanism in the human placenta and its relationship to placental structure. Initial research relates to the development of a platform suitable for realistic computational simulations. The work shows how the 3D architecture of a terminal villus can be accurately …
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The role of megalin in the transport of aminoglycosides across human placenta
… management of IAIs. AGs are known to cross the placenta and achieve bactericidal concentrations in fetal serum. However, the highest and most persistent fetal levels are achieved in renal tissue. So, the fetus may be vulnerable to the nephrotoxic effects of AGs. Megalin, a 600 kDaendocytic …
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Regulation and functional significance of ATP binding cassette transporters in human placenta
… ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the human placenta, in particular their regulation and role in trophoblast differentiation and survival. The presence and localisation of four major placental drug transporters, multidrug resistance gene product 1 and 3 (MDR1 and 3)/ABC subfamily B …
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The Placenta Methylome: Novel Insights into DNA Modifications in the Human Placenta
The DNA methylation profile of the placenta is unique as compared to other somatic tissues and is marked by global hypomethylation. The placental methylome has been shown to modulate developmental processes, intrauterine exposures, and placental function. However, the precise mechanisms underlying …
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Macrophage Diversity in the First Trimester Human Placenta: Phenotypes, Functions and Developmental Origins
The placenta is the fetal-derived organ that forms the interface between mother and child during pregnancy and is essential for maintaining fetal and maternal health throughout gestation. The human placenta contains a population of tissue-resident macrophages called Hofbauer cells (HBC), however …
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Expression and activity of enzymes in the human placenta: pharmacological & toxicological consequences in AZT therapy
… xenobiotic metabolising enzymes (XME) in the human placenta, in particular the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases' (UGTs) role in the metabolism, transfer and disposition of the drug AZT, and to develop the human placental perfusion model into the first trimester. UGT, …
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Creation of an Instructional Animation Showing the Development of the Human Placenta from Implantation to Term
… project was created to fill a need in available placental development instructional tools. In the current literature, there are few three-dimensional representations of placental villous tree structure. This animation provides an overview of placental development and includes a three-dimensional …
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Pareto Task Inference Analysis of Single-Cell RNASequencing of Human Placenta Reveals Biological Insightsinto Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
… knowledge of how the cellular states in the placenta and decidua tissues are altered in women with particular APOs or may contribute to APOs. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) approaches have characterized cellular populations and interactions at the maternal-fetal interface using …
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Expression and secretion of basigin by human placental trophoblast cells occurs via microvesicle shedding and is a regulated process
… an adequate blood supply for normal fetal and placental development. Failure of sufficient trophoblast invasion and defective remodeling of the maternal uterine spiral arteries is linked to the obstetrical disease preeclampsia. Trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling are influenced by …
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The effects of insulin and the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) on the proliferation and differentiation of cells isolated from placentae of non-diabetic and diabetic subjects
… cellular changes. Thèse include an apparent hyperplacentation and fetal macrosomia and trophoblastic morphofunctional pathology, which may contribute to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Reports hâve indicated that fetal and placental macrosomia does not always resuit from maternai …
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The Role of the PD-1 Immunoreceptor in Pregnancy
… T cell activation. B7-H1 is expressed in the human placenta throughout gestation, therefore we studied the role of the PD-1 receptor in modulating maternal T cells during pregnancy. PD-1 is preferentially expressed on human decidual T cells and B7-H1 inhibits the inflammatory cytokine …
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Effect of Human Placental Extract on Menopausal Symptom Scale, Fatigue Scale, and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease
PURPOSE: Human placenta, often used as a folk remedies, has been used in current medicine from discovered extracted methods of human placenta in Japan. Currently, human placental extract (HPE) was approved for improvements of liver function and menopausal symptoms. Recently, HPE has been used to …
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The expression and regulation of pregnancy-specific glycoproteins in the mouse
… expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta and in giant cells and spongiotrophoblast of rodent placenta. PSGs are encoded by seventeen genes in the mouse and ten genes in the human. Little is known about the function of this gene family, although they have been implicated in …
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Placental P-glycoprotein: Role in disposition of medications administered during pregnancy
The placenta supports fetal growth and regulates the bio-distribution of substances between the maternal and fetal circulation. Active efflux transporters in the placental apical membrane are involved in placental elimination of compounds and thus fetal protection. The goal of this investigation …
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ROLES OF SULFOTRANSFERASE ENZYMES IN TRANS-PLACENTAL DISPOSITION
… the rate-determining barrier for trans-placental transfer. Several isoforms of the sulfotransferase enzymes are functional in placenta but there is only limited information available on the utility of cultured trophoblast cells for studying placental sulfation. We examined the expression …
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Tissue-Specific Expression and Steroid Hormone Regulation of Human Gonadotropin -Releasing Hormone (hGnRH) Gene in Placental Cells (JEG -3 cells)
… hormone regulation of the hGnRH gene in the human placenta. The hGnRH upstream promoter was found to be functionally active in JEG-3 cells. The DNA sequence responsible for functioning of the upstream promoter in JEG-3 cells is narrowed to a region between –1048 bp and –730 bp. This DNA …
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Ryanodine receptor expression in trophoblasts
Trophoblasts of the placenta are the frontline cells involved in communication and exchange of materials between the mother and fetus. Within trophoblasts, calcium signalling proteins are richly expressed. Intracellular free calcium ions are a key second messenger, regulating various cellular …
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