Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
Results
Showing 1 to 20 of 37 for “"Host Populations"”.
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An Ethical Justification for Post-Trial Access to Anti-Retroviral Drugs for Participants and Host Populations in Developing Countries: A Global Justice Perspective
… to anti-retroviral drugs for participants and host populations in developing countries within the context of global justice, stressing the combination of national and global responsibilities in realizing this objective. Drawing on the strengths of Rawls's statist and Pogge's cosmopolitan …
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Social Identity, Economic Interest, and the Formation of Host Attitudes Toward Refugees
… themselves, or the impacts of refugees on host countries. More recently, a growing body of literature has examined the interaction of refugees and host populations, and more specifically the orientations of host individuals toward refugees. This study focuses on attitude formation during …
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Exploring the drivers and consequences of emerging infectious disease of wildlife
… infectious diseases of wildlife have threatened host populations of diverse taxa in recent history, which is largely attributable to anthropogenic global change. In three data chapters, this dissertation examines the drivers of individual- to population-level variation in how host populations …
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Analysis and robust simulation of mathematical models of HIV and Leishmaniasis co-infection
… dynamics of VL and incorporates three populations: the human, the reservoir, and the vector host populations. Then we study the Anthroponotic Visceral Leishmaniasis (AVL) between the human and the vector host population. The second sub-model describes a deterministic SIAT …
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The innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on strain lineage and on host population
… or influence their association with particular host populations. Indeed, the global distribution of M. tuberculosis strains is not uniform and certain strain lineages predominate in particular geographical areas. Further, there is evidence that some strain lineages are emerging, suggesting …
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The eco-evolutionary dynamics of extrachromosomal elements in environmental vibrio
… and dynamics among ecologically structured host populations in the wild remains poorly understood. Here we take a population-genomic approach to determine carriage of different types of ECEs in a recently established model for ecologically and genetically cohesive bacterial populations, …
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Shifting disease dynamics following the invasion of an emerging wildlife pathogen
… Introduced pathogens can change and adapt to new hosts (i.e. the species that they infect) and to new habitats. These factors can ultimately influence their impact on host populations over time. Understanding the changes that occur following invasion allows for more effective strategies to …
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Ecology, diversity and comparative genomics of oceanic cyanobacterial viruses
… that they play a small but significant role in host mortality. Cyanophages are also thought to shape their host populations through regulation of sub-populations and through transfer of genes. Here we describe the isolation of Prochlorococcus cyanophages and the assembly of a culture collection …
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Ecological consequences of non-native parasites for native UK fishes.
… unclear. Consequently, through study of three host-parasite models, this research investigated the ecological consequences of non-native parasites in UK freshwater fish communities through assessment of their effects on hosts (individuals to populations), and on food web structure. The three …
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A study of the ecology & diversity of bacteriophages
… their relationships with one another, and their hosts remains relatively primitive. Their consequence on the resident microbial population greatly depends upon their lifecycle with hosts. Their acquisition or removal of genes between the phages themselves eventually determines their global …
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Filarial infection in mosquitoes of Northern California
… arthropod vectors for transmission between hosts. Filarial parasites vary among species of vertebrate hosts and can cause varying symptoms in hosts, including death. The presence of filarial parasites can influence host populations and can be costly to infected areas. To evaluate the …
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Individual-based modeling of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) movements and epizootiology
… transmission patterns, and predicting effects on host populations. Individual-based modeling (IBM) has become more commonplace in ecology as a tool to link individual behavior to population dynamics and community interactions, especially for gauging the effects of management actions. Spatially …
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Emerging Infectious Disease: Host and Parasite Perspectives
… some cases, cause substantial mortality in their host populations. One example of the latter, the emergence of avian malaria in the endemic avifauna of Hawaii, has become a model for understanding the consequences of human-mediated disease introduction. The drastic declines of native Hawaiian …
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The evolution and genetics of virus resistance in Drosophila
Parasites impose high selection pressure on host fitness and are thought to be a major selective factor that promotes the evolution of resistance in host populations. Much of the resistance is determined by genetic factors, however, it is unclear what genetic factors promote resistance to …
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Genetic variation in the aphid Pemphigus spyrothecae
… reproducing sexually on the bark of its primary host, $\textit{Populus nigra}$, and asexually within galls on the leaf petioles. Within the gall, a soldier caste defends and cleans the gall, potentially reducing its own fitness. $\textit{P. spyrothecae}$ collected across the UK from 1997 to 1999 …
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Computational Methods to Design Broad-Spectrum Medical Countermeasures Against Antigenically Diverse Pathogens
… for genetic diversity in both pathogen and host populations. I applied Spectravax to seven coronaviruses and influenza A virus target antigens and demonstrated that Spectravax-designed antigens are predicted to have improved coverage of host and pathogen populations compared to existing wild …
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Developing Transcriptional Markers for Detecting Infection with the Novel Tuberculosis Pathogen, Mycobacterium mungi, in Free-Ranging Banded Mongoose (Mungos mungo)
… surveillance strategies to accurately assess host infection status. We are constantly refining these models to improve our understanding of transmission and persistence dynamics in host populations but are continuously challenged with difficulties in accurately diagnosing host infection …
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Contributions to the mathematical theory of epidemic dynamics
… a novel model of disease transmission in dynamic host populations ("model MM") from mechanistic assumptions. This model addresses several concepts simultaneously: (1) infection of susceptible individuals occurs through 2 mechanisms, contact with "point" sources of infectious material resulting in …
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The effect of viral plasticity on the coexistence and eco-evolutionary dynamics of host-phage systems
Viruses infect host cells to hijack the host machinery for viral reproduction, which can lead to host mortality for unicellular organisms. In marine environments, viruses are recognized as an important factor altering phytoplankton and bacterioplankton growth and dynamics. However, it is still …
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Ecological and evolutionary aspects of interactions between microbes coinfecting plants
Coinfections of one host with multiple pathogen species are common, and have important implications for host health and pathogen fitness. In the research reported here, plant virus systems were used to explore the effects of coinfection on pathogen populations and host responses. Chapter 1 …
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