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Showing 1 to 20 of 28 for “"Holstein calves"”.
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Hindgut fermentation in ruminating Holstein calves
… hindgut fermentation were evaluated. Thirty-two Holstein bull calves were fed diets containing variable amounts of orchardgrass hay and a grain mixture. The amount of starch and types of protein were: [L1] low starch, soybean meal (SBM); [L2] low starch, fishmeal plus dried brewers' grains (FBG); …
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Growth, Rumen Development, and Metabolism of Holstein Calves Fed Distillers Grains
… growth and metabolic responses of newborn calves. Calves were fed a control diet with no distillers grains and two experimental diets containing 28% and 56% distillers grains respectively. Feeding distillers grains at 56% OM of calf starter increased the dry matter intake and decreased feed …
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Preference and acceptability of four protein sources by ruminating Holstein calves
Four successive groups of four calves each (~ 4 mo old) were individually penned and observed during a 14 d trial period for choice of concentrate. Prior calf diets contained soybean meal (SBM) (for two groups and distillers grains in place of SBM for two groups. Concentrates contained …
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The effect of feeding frequency and alternative proteins in milk replacer on growing Holstein calves
… have been considered to be the gold standard for calves, because the lack of anti-nutritional factors and high digestibility that allows for growth rate similar to that of a calf consuming its mother’s milk. Milk replacers containing whey protein, although more cost-effective than whole milk, …
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Regulation and site of action of exogenous and endogenous opioids on growth hormone and prolactin secretion in Holstein calves
… hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion in Holstein calves. In the first study, the effect of the opioid agonist DAMME (D-Ala²⁺,N-Me-Phe⁴,Met(O)⁵-01 enkephalin) on plasma GH and PRL secretion was measured in Holstein calves in fall season. Plasma concentrations of both GH and PRL increased …
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The Role of Nutrition and Administration of Estrogen in Holstein Calf Growth, Development, and Adenogenesis
… the preweaning phase of development. Offering calves a higher plane of nutrition through milk diets prior to weaning hastens development and can lead to an earlier age at the onset of puberty. The objective of the first study was to understand how plane of nutrition influences BW, bone …
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Dry Period Nutrition and Hepatic Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Glucose in Transition Dairy Cows
In experiment 1, liver slices from multiparous Holstein cows on day -30, -14, 1, 14, and 28 relative to calving were used to determine the effects of far-off and close-up diets on palmitate metabolism in vitro. During the far-off period, d -60 to -25, cows received a low energy control diet fed ad …
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Effects of ingestion of milk and methionine on blood levels of tryptophane and methionine in dairy calves
Series of blood samples were taken from Holstein calves before, and at 2, 4, and 6 hours after feeding. The blood plasma levels of tryptophane and methionine were determined by microbiological assay. It was found that the blood plasma levels of tryptophane and methionine varied considerably at …
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The Effects of Tamoxifen on Mammary Development in Prepubertal Heifers
… given the anti-estrogen tamoxifen. Sixteen Holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: tamoxifen-injected (TAM) or control (CON). Calves were subcutaneously injected daily from 28 to 120 days of age with 0.3 mg/kg tamoxifen or carrier. At 120 days calves were …
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Effects of varying energy intakes on mammary growth and development in prepubertal heifers
… mammary parenchymal development. At 2 wk of age, Holstein calves were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments (HH, HL, LH, and LL) with 2 levels of energy intake (High or Low) and 2 periods of growth (2 to 8 and 8 to 14 wk of age). At 14 wk, parenchyma at the stromal interface, mid-gland, and above the …
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Feeding and Housing of Dairy Calves
… Enterobacter species and Klebsiella species. Holstein calves were fed either fermented antibiotic containing mastitic milk or whole milk for 6 wk then fed only dry feed for an additional 2 wk. Calf growth and dry feed intake was not different between treatments for the 8 wk trial. Female calf …
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Defining the range for plasma protein incorporation in milk replacer for dairy calves
… calf growth and health. Four groups of 31 male Holstein calves were blocked by initial BW and plasma protein concentration and assigned to one of seven treatments. Treatments were as follows: A: control, all-milk protein milk replacer, B: 33% plasma protein addition, C: 33% plasma protein …
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Feeding Value of High Starch and High Fat Rations for Dairy Calves
<p>Sixty-four Holstein calves were used in a 3 x 2 factorial experiment of 12 wk to evaluate growth performance when fed control, high starch, and high fat pelleted diets separately or with a supplemental concentrate mix offered the first 6 wk. High starch and high fat diets were formulated to …
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Development of an ocular drug release system for cattle
… time of the ocular device in the eyes of the calves, (2) an in vitro test to determine the degradation characteristics of the device, (3) an in vitro study to obtain the drug release profiles of the insert, and (4) a study to compare the use of rings and a field treatment method using infected …
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Nutrient Impacts on Rumen Growth and Development
… development. The first study performed used 8 Holstein bull calves to determine if calf starters differing in starch and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content would affect calf growth, intake, rumen metabolites, blood metabolites, and gross rumen measurements when fed along with milk replacer …
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Identification of Tissue Distribution and Regulation of Bovine Stearoyl-Coa Desaturase by Hormones and Nutrients
… examined tissue distribution of SCD1 protein in Holstein calves (n=6/diet) fed one of four milk replacer diets for a nine wk period after which they were sacrificed. Milk replacer diets varied in fat content and were formulated and administered as follows: 0.4 kg/d 20% protein, 20% fat (20:20; …
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Vitamins A and E in Young Calves
… for normal growth and development of young calves. Vitamin A has a role in vision, growth, metabolism, and immunity. Vitamin E has a role in cellular and humoral immune response and is an antioxidant. When vitamins A and E are fed in the optimal amounts, calves benefit, however, when excess …
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Evaluation of spray-dried plasma in milk replacers fed at a high plane of nutrition on performance, intestinal permeability, and morbidity
… improve growth and intestinal function in young calves when included in milk replacers (MR) fed at conventional rates. The use of a PP and wheat blend to replace a portion of whey protein has been shown to perform similarly to an all whey protein control MR. However, there are growing trends in …
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Antibiotic resistance gene abundance in feces of calves fed pirlimycin-dosed whole milk
… (waste milk) is commonly fed to dairy calves but the effects of ingestion of antibiotics at an early age on the gut microbiome and the development of ARG in the naive gut are not well understood. Pirlimycin, a lincosamide antibiotic acting against Gram positive bacteria through …
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Duodenal and ileal digestibility of dietary nutrients and endogenous protein losses in pre- and post-weaning young dairy calves
… health and growth in pre- and post-weaned calves. The objectives of the series of experiments included in this dissertation were to (1) evaluate our capacity to successfully place a duodenal and ileal cannula in young calves, (2) analyze the effect of the inclusion of an enzyme-treated …
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