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Showing 1 to 20 of 21 for “"High Explosives"”.
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Detonation modelling of non-ideal high explosives
High explosives (HE) are used in many fields where the energy liberated by the combustion process is used to perform useful work. High explosives normally burn via a detonation; a supersonic wave consisting of a shock wave coupled to chemical energy release. Detonations in conventional HE (CHE) …
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Vibrational energy transfer in condensed high explosives: Nitromethane
… relaxation and multiphonon up-pumping in a high explosive nitromethane (NM). The relationships between these energy transfer processes and shock wave-induced initiation to detonation are discussed. The principal mechanism of vibrational cooling in solid NM below 150 K is shown to be a …
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Investigation of Resonant Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization of Solid State High Explosives With Laser Ablation
… enhanced multiphoton ionization of solid high explosives following laser desorption. This study is driven by the need for new, fast and reliable in-situ detection techniques for hazardous materials such as high explosives, in order to reduce the danger of exposure of first responders, to …
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Nuclear warhead monitoring : a study of photon emissions from fission neutron interactions with high explosives as a tool in arms control verification
… passively by neutron interactions inside high explosive (HE), as a signature for the presence of a warhead-like object. Analytical calculations were done to estimate the detectability of radiative capture and inelastic scatter emissions generated within the warhead model. Results showed …
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Blast diagnostic tools and techniques: a review
… the energy output from shock waves generated by high explosives. Thus, it is imperative to choose appropriate sensors and measurement techniques to consistently acquire useful data. Past studies conducted in diagnostics of energetic materials were focused on the energy release and the material …
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Functional impairment in South African children with Obsessive-Compulsive disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder
… (EMP) resulting from the detonation of nuclear explosives is a documented and studied phenomenon. What is less well known and understood is the simi- lar yet considerably less powerful occurrence surrounding the detonation of high explosives. The phenomenon was rst noticed by Kolsky in 1954 …
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Near-infrared emission spectroscopy of explosive breakout
… in the near infrared spectrum of various high explosives. Explosives tested include RDX, Composition B, HMX, and PETN, along with RP1 and RP80 detonators in air and nitrogen environments. The first 20 microseconds after detonation were examined using a combination of a rotating filter disk …
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Spectral characterization of actinide signatures for nuclear remote sensing applications
… a nuclear fireball free from the interference of high explosives and engineering materials that may be present in the fireball produced from a conventional weapon. Experiments were performed to determine emission and absorption signatures that result when uranium is subjected to excitation under …
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The effects of case mass to charge mass ratio on aluminum-based structural energetic materials
High explosives used in warfighting are generally encased in a steel case. The steel shell not only provides structure to the weapon, but it also contributes significantly to the total damage by adding shrapnel to the blast. Steel is commonly used due to its low cost, high strength, and destructive …
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Hydrodynamic, acoustic, and electrical characteristics of underwater spark discharges initiated by different mechanisms
… do not generate toxic compounds or species, no high explosives involved and they provide high degree of controllability. These features have led to a large number of studies of underwater spark discharge mechanisms and their potential practical utilisation.;This work is aimed at experimental …
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Experimental study of the interaction between aluminum and hydrogen fluoride in biocidal explosions
… of counter chemical and biological warfare, explosives are used to evolve spore-killing, and neutralizing agents. Current efforts involve collaboration between experimental and computational laboratories to develop thermochemical models for the biocidal environment. Experiments were conducted …
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Optical measurements of nano-aluminum combustion in a heterogeneous shock tube and in a flat flame burner
… used in combustion based devices such as high explosives and solid rocket motors. Of these, aluminum is the most common due to its availability, high energy density, and low toxicity; however, many aspects of nano-aluminum combustion are still not well understood. Depending upon the type …
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Multispectral optical depth measurements in post-detonation high explosive fireballs
… in post-detonation fireballs from five different high explosives. PETN, HMX-based PBXN-5, RDX, an 80% RDX/20% aluminum mixture, and PETN-based Primasheet 1000 explosives were detonated in a 2.18L explosive test chamber. Charges were 125mg or 250mg explosive output pellets, each detonated by an …
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Investigation of enhanced aluminum casings for underwater explosives and development of spectroscopic techniques for measuring temperature in environments relevant to underwater ordnance
Enhanced aluminum casings for high explosives were examined both experimentally and theoretically. The experimental analysis utilized aluminum cylinders with linear shaped charges embedded on the surface. The cavities produced jets which outperformed the regions on the cylinder without cavities in …
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Burn time measurements of micron sized Al-Mg alloys and Mg in a heterogeneous shock tube in different oxidizing environments
… applications such as solid rocket motors and high explosives. There have been a vast number of studies performed on aluminum, magnesium, boron, beryllium to determine their combustion mechanism and to attempt at extracting their high energy content. Aluminum has been an extensively used metal …
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Theory and modeling of laser-driven flyer plate experiments to study explosives under a microscope
Studying liquid and solid high-explosive materials requires precise characterization of thermodynamics and chemical kinetics to capture the reactive behavior. Although high explosives have been studied for many decades, there is currently no reactive continuum scale model for characterizing …
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Procedural analyses of image-based and multiscale investigations of materials
… showed large deviations due to noise, but a higher amount of the detected measurements were within the average manual distribution. For the rapid solidification, detected results matched the manual results closely. The third objective of this work was to improve the segmentation of …
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Design and synthesis of organic chromophores for imaging, lithography and organic electronics
… to detect saturated nitramine and nitrate ester explosives was devised based on a photochemical reduction reaction. 10-Methyl-9,10- dihydroacridine (AcrH2) was found to transfer a hydride ion equivalent to the high explosives RDX and PETN upon irradiation at 313 nm in degassed acetonitrile …
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Hybrid shock dynamics models for heterogeneous explosives with embedded inert material
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T20:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 LIEBERTHAL-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf: 17117421 bytes, checksum: cb0ad1c58510ca4b9b8e5a82e10486cc (MD5) Source Files.zip: 139575060 bytes, checksum: c8d25ed5b074095dc473e31bf00b8a2c (MD5) LICENSE.txt: 4215 bytes, checksum: …
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Using optical techniques to measure aluminum burning in post-detonation explosive fireballs
Metals are added to high explosives and propellants to increase the heat of explosion. Aluminum is commonly used because it has a high energy density, is relatively inexpensive, is easy to produce, and has a low toxicity. To optimize the performance and safety of aluminized explosives, it is …
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