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Showing 1 to 20 of 28 for “"Gini Index"”.
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A distributional analysis of healthcare financing in a developing country : a Nigerian case study applying a decomposable Gini index
The policy motivation for this research is primarily to investigate how in the direct absence of significant third-party financing mechanisms and government subsidies, direct purchase of healthcare affects the relative abilities of households to meet their other financial obligations after paying …
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Comparison of dispersion metrics for estimating transcriptional noise in single-cell RNA-seq data and applications to cardiomyocyte biology
… to assess the relative responsiveness of the Gini index, variance-to-mean ratio, variance, and Shannon entropy to variability in single-cell counts. We found that the variance-to-mean ratio scales approximately linearly with increasing dispersion, and that it is scale-invariant. The Gini index …
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Decision tree rule-based feature selection for imbalanced data
… is based on a decision tree rule and weighted Gini index. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified by classifying a dataset from Santander Bank and two datasets from UCI machine learning repository. The results show that our methods can achieve higher Area Under the Curve (AUC) and …
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Extensive Huffman-tree-based neural network for the imbalanced dataset and its application in accent recognition
… promising results about EHTNN in terms of Gini index, Entropy value, and the accuracy derived from hierarchical multiclass confusion matrix.
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Virginia school finance reform: a comparison of the Virginia public elementary and secondary school finance program from 1973-1981 in regard to fiscal equity
… advanced, if any, for the Commonwealth of Virginia since the current state aid funding system was implemented for the 1974-75 school year. This purpose was accomplished by examining three years of data to investigate whether any significant progress had been made toward a more equitable …
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Three Essays on International Political Economy
… Foundation. It constructs each country’s overall Index of Economic Freedom based on four sub-indicators: rule of law, government size, regulatory efficiency, and open markets. Given the multifaceted concept of economic freedom, the decomposed analysis in this paper would generate policy …
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Three case studies on the impact of inequality on agricultural efficiency, productivity, and the adoption and intensity of use of climate-smart practices
… effect of land inequality (measured by the Gini and Theil coefficients) on total factor productivity. And finally, in the third chapter, we exploit a larger sample of over four-thousand farmers from the same Peruvian region and a double-hurdle modelling approach, finding a negative effect of …
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Estimação da curva de Kuznets para os municípios paraibanos: uma análise para o período 1991-2010
… used are the indicators of income inequality Gini and Theil L, municipal per capita income, industrial energy consumption and percentage of the population aged 25 or more who have completed primary education. The methodology of empirical analysis is made using panel data. The Hausman test we …
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The prevalence of documentation discrepancies in CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) trade data for Appendix I and II species exported out of Africa between the years 2003 and 2012
… by forest, length of coastline, GEF Benefits Index for Biodiversity, proportion of country designated as protected area, proportion of roads that are paved, number of international airplane departures, national population size, life expectancy, Gini Index, Gross Domestic Product, Mo Ibrahim …
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An Economics-Based Methodology for Analysis of the Inequitable Distribution of Flooding Risk
… concepts of the Lorenz curve (LC) and the Gini index (G). These results facilitate comparison of demographics to determine inequitable flooding distributions. This thesis also examines an application of the proposed methodology specifically examining coastal counties in the contiguous U.S. …
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Using Machine Learning and the Water Evaluation and Planning model to Evaluate Climate Change Impacts on Surface Water Allocation in the Upper Awash Sub-Basin, Ethiopia
… use, 37% to agriculture, and 25% to industry (Gini index = 0.22; demand penalty = 0.10). Here, the Gini index, a measure of distributional fairness across sectors, indicates relatively high equity, while the demand penalty, a measure of unmet demand relative to total demand, remains low. (2) An …
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Income Inequality And Vulnerabiility To Flood Hazard In Brazil
… I create a flood hazard vulnerability index at the municipality level and determine whether income inequality, measured at the municipality level, is a predictor of municipality vulnerability to flood hazard. The flood hazard vulnerability index incorporates socioeconomic, built …
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Inequality and Violence: The Case of Brazil
… markers of socioeconomic inequality, such as the Gini index, illiteracy rates, infant mortality, Municipal Human Development Index (HDI), and poverty levels. In addition, the beta regression furthers this understanding by mapping causal, robust relationships. Brazil's unique position as the most …
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Responsible Spatial Data Science
… data) that values of many measures (e.g., Gini index, dissimilarity index) diminish monotonically with increasing spatial-unit size in a hierarchical space partitioning (e.g., block, block-group, tract), however the ranking based on spatially aggregated measures remain sensitive to the …
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Análise dos indicadores socieconômicos da Paraíba no período de 1996 a 2011
… Indicators of illiteracy, educational average Gini index of human capital and income, educational transition matrix and index persistence of low education were estimated. It was found that the rate of illiteracy in the state of Paraíba followed a downward trend over the years, but the state …
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The performance of soft computing techniques on content-based SMS spam filtering
… size of features which are selected by the Gini Index metric as it has the ability to extract suitable features from imbalanced data sets. The data sets used in this research were taken from three sources: UCI repository, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) and British English SMS. The …
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THE LAYERED SOCIETY: MATERIAL LIFE IN PORTSMOUTH, NH, 1680 TO 1740 (NEW HAMPSHIRE)
… of the probated and total populations, the Gini Index for the entire period was calculated at 0.684. That index varied only slightly over time; 0.641 for 1680 to 1699, 0.622 for 1700 to 1719, and 0.687 for 1720 to 1740. This narrow range in inequality is partially attributable to the …
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Inequality in health care utilization and equity: a cross-country comparision of low and middle income countries
… in health care utilization and education, and Gini index is used to calculate the inequality in income. Likewise, horizontal inequity index is used to test whether the principle of equal treatment for equal need and equal schooling for equal need is maintained in all countries under study. …
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A Cross-National Study of Civic Knowledge Test Scores
… variables. National level variables such as GNP, GINI index, democratic system, public education expenditure, and etc. as well as compositional variables obtained by aggregating the classroom/school variables were also added to the model to investigate if they were associated with students' civic …
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Gini Covariance Matrix and its Affine Equivariant Version
<p>Gini's mean difference (GMD) and its derivatives such as Gini index have been widely used as alternative measures of variability over one century in many research fields especially in finance, economics and social welfare. In this dissertation, we generalize the univariate GMD to the …
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