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Showing 1 to 20 of 169 for “"GCMS"”.
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Diagnostic studies of ECHAM GCMs
The two latest generations of MPI ECHAM AGCMs, ECHAM3 and ECHAM4, have been performed the test run in relatively high resolution (T106) with the prescribed AMI boundary conditions. There are major changes made in ECAHM4 T106 from ECHAM3 T106 in the radiation scheme, the treatment of radiation …
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Approaches to quantifying and reducing uncertainty in GCMs over Southern Africa
Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are the primary tool for simulating future climate changes. These models by necessity make use of various assumptions and simplifications due to computational constraints, and in so doing introduce biases and systematic error. Along with other sources of uncertainty …
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Short-chain fatty acid production by microbial organisms in model systems assessed by GCMS
<p>Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as butyrate and lactate are the products of colonic bacterial degradation of starch and other carbon sources and are important in human health and disease. Prior work with test tube cultures has provided support for the idea that SCFA production in the …
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Constraining the representation of aerosols in GCMs: explainable AI and Lagrangian approaches to identify key drivers of the natural aerosol lifecycle.
… The ability of two global climate models (GCMs) to replicate the aerosol lifecycle of an effusive volcanic eruption is evaluated using a Lagrangian framework. The eruption resulted in an increase in the modal diameter of the accumulation mode across the three surface sites utilised in the …
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Constraining the representation of aerosols in GCMs: explainable AI and Lagrangian approaches to identify key drivers of the natural aerosol lifecycle.
… The ability of two global climate models (GCMs) to replicate the aerosol lifecycle of an effusive volcanic eruption is evaluated using a Lagrangian framework. The eruption resulted in an increase in the modal diameter of the accumulation mode across the three surface sites utilised in the …
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Quantification of climate change impacts on urban catchment hydrology and water sensitive design devices
… in climate impact studies by using twelve GCMs at the Lucas Creek catchment located in Auckland, New Zealand. For downscaling, a Regional Downscaling Model (RCM) and a Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) are used for dynamical and statistical downscaling methods. Through stormwater …
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Gini Covariance Matrix and its Affine Equivariant Version
… to be a symmetrized M-functional. Indeed, both GCMs are symmetrized approaches based on the difference of two independent variables without reference of a location, hence avoiding some arbitrary definition of location for non-symmetric distributions. We study the properties of both GCMs. They …
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Isolation, Characterization, and Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products from Rainforest Flora
… its aglycone, the known spirostanol diosgenin. GCMS analysis characterized the derivatized, hydrolyzed sugars. Previous investigations of Albizia subdimidiata provided two saponins including the new compound albiziatrioside A. The sugar moieties of these two compounds required further …
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A comprehensive chemical examination of methylamphetamine produced from pseudoephedrine extracted from cold medication
… ability of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS), isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) to characterize methylamphetamine hydrochloride synthesised from precursors extracted from proprietary cold medication using three different …
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Survey of Flavonoids and Their Distribution in Different Kinds of Onions Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry.
… (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Statistical calculations were done to see if there are significant differences in the varieties of onions studied from the chromatographic profiles obtained. The chromatograms obtained were patterned using visual observations, scatter plot …
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Changes in atmospheric eddy length with the seasonal cycle and global warming
… circulation) and general circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3. Eddy lengths are compared to computed values of the Rossby radius and the Rhines scale, which have been hypothesized to set the eddy length. The GCMs reproduce the seasonal variation in …
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Irrigation Water Requirements under Climate Change and Drought Events in Saskatchewan,
… change projected by global climate models (GCMs) on irrigated agriculture and water supply in Saskatchewan using 27 different combinations of GCMs, special reports on emissions scenarios (SRES), and time periods (2020s, 2050s, 2080s). Future drought events are extracted from the scenarios …
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STATISTICAL MODELLING AND ANALYSIS FOR REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE
General circulation models (GCMs) are often used to inform climate change information, however, due to their coarse spatial resolutions, downscaling approaches are often relied to transit the coarser-scale GCM outputs to higher resolutions. Multivariate multisite weather generators (MMWGs) are …
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Comparison of Artificial Flavors in Commercial Products and Actual Natural Flavor via Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Data.
… by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS). These profiles were then used as a reference to compare GCMS profiles of commercial artificial strawberry flavor products such as strawberry flavored Cool Splashers™, Gatorade®, and Aquacal® flavored water. The chromatograms obtained were …
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An investigation into the ability of three analytical techniques to discriminate batches of methlamphetamine prepared by seven synthetic routes
… of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS), isotope radio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) to characterise methylamphetamine hydrochoride Repetitive batches of samples were prepared using seven synthetic routes commonly used by …
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Rainfall variability and change in South Africa (1976-2065)
… project were nested within 5 different CIMP5_GCMs of low resolution. GPCC precipitation, NOAA GHCN_CAMS Land Temperature and other NCEP reanalysis products were useful in validating models in simulations of present-day climate. RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios from IPCC-AR5 were used for …
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Bias Correction and Downscaling of Climate Model Outputs Required for Impact Assessments of Climate Change in the U.S. Northeast
<p>Global Climate Models (GCMs) are the typical sources of future climate data required for impact assessments of climate change. However, GCM outputs are related to model-related uncertainties and involve a great deal of biases. Bias correction of model outputs is, therefore, necessary before …
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Midlevel ventilation's constraint on tropical cyclone intensity
… are also examined in general circulation models (GCMs) between the late 20th century and the late 22nd century. Individual GCMs indicate potential regional shifts in preferred locations of tropical cyclogenesis and changes in TC intensity statistics due to shifts in the seasonal ventilation index, …
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The Effects of Anthropogenic Warming on Changes of Extreme Precipitation Over Kansas City Metropolitan Area
… of coarse resolution global climate models (GCMs). While GCMs are useful tools to examine global- and continental-scale climate change, policy makers are more interested in climate change from regional and local perspectives. In order for municipalities to accurately prepare for the climate …
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