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Showing 1 to 8 of 8 for “"Freezeout"”.
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Flux corrected transport applied to hydrodynamics for heavy ion collisions
… Landau hydrodynamics and the Cooper-Frye freezeout formalism is given. The results are compared with the Landau Gaussian and a known approximation for midrapidies. The Landau Gaussian provides the best approximation to experimental data. Furthermore, the chemical freezeout results for …
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Initial Conditions for Cosmic Inflation, the History of the Dark Sector, and Dark-Onium
… results for a full exploration of the thermal freezeout histories of a vector-portal dark matter model, in the region of parameter space in which the ratio of masses of the dark photon 𝐴′ and dark matter 𝜒 is in the range [formula], are presented. The temperatures of all species are carefully …
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Dynamics of pions in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
… region. We investigate the thermalization and freezeout stages of the nuclear collision, in which the system is far from local equilibrium. The rapid expansion of a directly-formed (as opposed to post-hadronization) pion fluid results in a novel, partially thermalized flow, in which the degree …
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Radiation of strongly interacting particles by thermal sources: Violation of the Stefan-Boltzmann law
… becomes lower in both perfect fluid region and freezeout region. The temperature measured at infinity is lower than the temperature of non-interacting radiation approximately by a factor of two. The result shows that a thermal source surrounded by a strongly interacting gas would seem colder …
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Cryogenic operation of silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors and its relation to scaling and optimization
… profiles can greatly suppress both carrier freezeout and the heterojunction barrier effect, leading to a significant improvement in the DC and RF performance for NASA lunar missions. Furthermore, cooling is used as a tuning knob to better understand the performance limits of SiGe HBTs. The …
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Design, fabrication and characterisation of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes for biomedical applications
… In a p-GaN reference sample, typical carrier freezeout was observed at lower temperatures. A detailed calculation of the carrier scattering mechanisms elucidated the temperature dependence of the mobility. However, polarisation doped structures (co-doped and polarisation doping only) exhibited …
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Submillimetre Studies of Pre-stellar and Starless Cores in the Ophiuchus, Taurus and Cepheus Molecular Clouds
… and find some evidence for high-density N2H+ freezeout. Virial analysis, including external pressure, shows that most cores are either bound or virialised. Gravitational potential and external pressure energies are found to be typically of a similar order of magnitude, with some variation …
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Self-Consistent Conversion of a Viscous Fluid to Particles and Heavy-Ion Applications
The most widely used theoretical framework to model the early stages of a heavy-ion collision is viscous hydrodynamics. Comparing hydrodynamic simulations to heavy-ion data inevitably requires the conversion of the fluid to particles. This conversion, typically done in the Cooper-Frye formalism, is …