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Showing 1 to 20 of 30 for “"Food reward"”.
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Gut-brain interactions in food reward
Food choice and preference have been linked to post-ingestive consequences of food consumption. Many ultra-processed foods deliver calories rapidly and are highly rewarding. In literature surrounding substances of abuse, the speed at which a drug reaches the brain affects its abuse potential; this …
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“Is Butter a Carb?” Neural mechanisms of nutrient-sensing and food reward in the human brain
Sensing the nutrient composition of a food and the processing of this information by the brain’s reward system to regulate food consumption are crucial biological needs. However, dysfunction in neural reward pathways may also lead to overconsumption of certain nutrients, contributing to obesity and …
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The Enduring Outcomes of Stress During Neurodevelopment Dynamically Impact Food Reward Responsiveness and Valuation: A Meta-Analysis of Pre-Clinical Evidence
… to the onset of adulthood, increases risk of reward-processing pathology in later life. Pre-clinical research using rodent models provide a means for examining the enduring effects of ELS on reward-related behaviours in a causal manner. Evidence from pre-clinical research varies; some studies …
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Effects of chemogenetic inhibition of dopamine transporter- or A2A-expressing neurons on spontaneous activity and motivation to consume a palatable food reward
… the striatum influences the motivated pursuit of rewarding stimuli. Pharmacological and opto- and chemo-genetic studies have suggested that the release of DA onto D2+/A2A+-expressing striatopallidal neurons, plays a role in this process. To determine the potentially dissociable roles of …
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Effects of Prenatal and Early Postnatal Quantitative Malnutrition Upon Performance in Water and the Incentive Value of a Food Reward in Rats
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-10T21:06:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 7114715.pdf: 7108336 bytes, checksum: c70f1aa46f1831e6c711e3c4661fb52f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1970
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Acute Psychological Stress and Food Intake in Humans: A Scoping Review
… or no change in the homeostatic mechanisms of food intake (e.g., appetite, appetite hormones, food intake). However, homeostatic control can be overridden by hedonic (or pleasure-inducing) mechanisms. Stress can increase cravings of unhealthy palatable food causing alterations in food …
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Linking mechanism to pattern in community assembly: Ant-mediated seed dispersal in neotropical pioneer tree species
… dispersal by providing a specialized lipid rich food reward called an elaiosome attached to their seeds. However, seeds that are not known to have this food reward may still be attractive to ants. The aim of my dissertation was to describe the movement of seeds of Neotropical pioneer tree species …
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Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Learning a Discrimination Task by Captive White-spotted Bamboo Sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum)
… plagiosum). During training and testing with a food reward before environmental enrichment, the sharks appeared to associate a discriminative stimulus (black vs. white tile) with food, but they did not discriminate between the tiles without a food reward. After a 68-d non-testing period followed …
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Instrumental conditioning and learning in Poroderma Pantherinum
… in Hermanus, South Africa, by using a series of food-reward tests based on instrumental conditioning. A target with black and white stripes was used as the discriminative stimulus, while an auditory cue acted as a bridging stimulus for the food-reward task. Sharks were collected by hand whilst …
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Impact of prophylactic intranasal oxytocin administration on symptoms of post-traumatic stress
… will decrease fear and anxiety, and increase reward-seeking behaviors. Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to three groups (Control, Stress, Oxytocin, and Oxytocin+Stress; n=6 per group) to conduct this experiment. Prior to foot shock treatment, rats were trained to expect a food reward …
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The Inadequacy of Intracranial Stimulation to the Posterior Hypothalamus to Serve as a Reinforcer for Maze Learning in the Rat
Eighteen, 23 hour food deprived, self-stimulating rats were divided into two groups. One group received 20 ICS pulses as a reward for a correct response in a T-maze while the second group received a food reward. The subjects learned for food over 5 days of 10 massed trials per day, but failed to …
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The influence of satiety mediators and dietary intake on food addiction in obese women prior to sleeve gastrectomy: a pilot study
Food addiction (FA) can hinder the perceived value of food reward resulting in overconsumption of highly palatable food. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of fasting leptin and ghrelin and dietary intake on FA in obese women before vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). Seventeen …
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Personality and affiliation involving a cooperative task in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus) Dyads
… were presented with an apparatus released a food reward if opened cooperatively. I created personality profiles of each dolphin with traits grouped in two different contexts: dolphin-dolphin and dolphin-world. I hypothesized that success of the cooperative task would be related to …
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FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF DUCKS DURING SPRING MIGRATION IN THE WABASH RIVER REGION, ILLINOIS
Strategies animals use to find and consume food in the face of conflicting forces such as competition and predation are central questions in the fields of ecological theory and management. Whereas theoretical models abound, proper empirical tests of these theories are less abundant. In studying the …
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Eavesdropping on speech in wild carrion crows
… than to Japanese without any prior training or rewards, but it remains unclear why they would respond differently to different languages. It is conceivable that they eavesdrop on human speech as an indicator to human presence (similar to eavesdropping on predator calls) and have subsequently …
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Impact of Exercise on Brain Responses to Visual Food Cues: An fMRI Study
… shown that there is no compensatory increase in food intake with this dose of exercise. Ultimately, the brain decides whether to alter food intake. Surprisingly, no published studies have assessed the impact of exercise on brain activation. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and …
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The Examination of Mindfulness, Stress, and Eating Behaviors in Mothers of Young Children
… stress and mood disturbance, and the food reward-related mechanisms within the brain. Intensive mindfulness-based training programs, such as Jon Kabat-Zinn's Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction have demonstrated impressive results with a variety of populations. Given the relationship of …
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Marmoset emotional regulation during adolescence and adulthood, with a particular focus on risk-taking and the role of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in motivation and affective biases
… functions including decision-making, reward valuation, and social cognition. In humans, adolescence is the age range in which a significant proportion of psychiatric disorders first appear (Kessler et al., 2005), so it is theorised that adolescence may be a time during which …
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INVESTIGATING SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE TRANS-SYNAPTIC REGULATORS OF MESOLIMBIC DRIVEN PALATABLE FOOD INTAKE
Food intake is a coordination of elaborate sensory and motor actions that are influenced by multiple internal and external determinants but when dysregulated can result in feeding pathology. The overconsumption of highly palatable food is an important component of obesity, binge-eating disorder, …
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Understanding the role of emotion, reward and food preference on the perception of sweet-tasting food using a novel classification task
… behavioural biases toward calorie (kcal)-dense foods, particularly those that are sweet, although cognitive biases toward these foods are less well established. With major public health organisations highlighting the rising concerns surrounding excessive sugar intake, understanding these …
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