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Showing 1 to 20 of 68 for “"Focal adhesions"”.
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Dissecting interactions within focal adhesions: studies on vinculin
… and paxillin are proteins that localise to focal adhesions. Focal adhesions are<br/>specialised sites of cell attachment between the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane and<br/>the extracellular matrix. They consist of receptors that link extracellular matrix ligands to<br/>the actin …
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Detection and tracking of cells and focal adhesions in microscopy images
… cells or their internal structures. For example, focal adhesions moving inside a single migrating normal human epidermal keratinocyte. In particular, the use of the Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm is proposed given its ability to take into account several different motion models at …
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Mechanisms of cell adhesion regulation by herpes simplex virus
… and sites of cell-matrix adhesion termed focal adhesions. All three proteins are required for efficient virus assembly, egress and cell-to-cell spread. However, the viral or cellular binding partners required for these functions have not yet been fully identified. Furthermore, very little …
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Tyrosine phosphorylation and cytoskeletal tension regulate the release of fibroblast adhesions
… mechanisms by which fibroblasts release their adhesions to the extracellular matrix substrata using a permeabilized cell system in which the adhesions remain relatively stable. A large number of different molecules were assayed for their effect on focal adhesion stability using …
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Regulation of the Cytoskeleton by Kinesins
… that depletion of KIF2A increases the number of focal adhesions and stress fibers and results in defects in cell spreading. KIF2A does not influence the dynamics of focal adhesion assembly or disassembly. In contrast, depletion of KIF2C prevents re-formation of focal adhesions. has little or no …
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Unraveling the Dynamics of Ser126 Phosphorylation in Paxillin: A Focus on Phosphatase Activity
Paxillin is a focal adhesion adaptor protein essential for cell adhesion and migration, regulated by reversible phosphorylation. In endothelial cells, phosphorylation at serine 126 (Ser126) plays a key role in processes like angiogenesis and vascular permeability. This study aimed to identify the …
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Smooth Muscle Hyperplasia Due to Acta2/Myh11 Mutations: Identification of Novel Pathology and Pathways Leading to Aneurysms and Diverse Vascular Occlusive Diseases
… of Actg2, 15 collagen genes, and multiple focal adhesion genes. Acta2-/- SMCs showed altered localization of vinculin and zyxin and increased phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in focal adhesions. A specific FAK inhibitor decreased Acta2-/- SMC proliferation to levels equal to …
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Ca²⁺ and phosphoinositides regulations in α-actinin -4 F-actin binding.
… (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The mutation site within these mutants is located on the actin binding region. Therefore, the actin binding region is presumed to be associated with the progression of human disease. The aims of this thesis …
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Junction Specificity and Transmembrane Linkages of Integrins
… multiple adhesion junctions, namely, a subset of focal adhesions, the Z-disc of muscle, and neuromuscular junctions. Immunopurification of the antigen to this antibody from chicken brain tissue yielded a complex of three prominent proteins with mobilities of 36, 30 and 18 kD. Amino acid sequencing …
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Characterization of perillyl alcohol as a cell migration-inhibiting compound
… GTPase protein involved in the formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers, and corresponding morphological changes following exposure to perillyl alcohol.
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Structural-based Investigation of FAK and P130Cas in Focal Adhesion
… cells. The cell-ECM attachment sites are named focal adhesions (FAs), which are dynamic, large protein complexes containing more than 100 proteins. p130cas is a Src substrate localized in FAs that functions in integrin signaling to promote cell motility, invasion, proliferation and survival. The …
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Engineering the micro-environment to control the fate of mammalian cells
… cellular contractions and integrin mediated focal adhesions. A force balance is established between the intracellular micro-environment and the extracellular matrix. This mechanotransduction process is ultimately responsible for changes in the cytoskeletal characteristics, morphology, …
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CELL GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS REGULATE NUCLEAR AND CHROMATIN PLASTICITY VIA ACTOMYOSIN CONTRACTILITY
… chromatin dynamics via the physical link from focal adhesions to chromatin via the cytoskeleton, linker proteins on the nuclear envelope and the nuclear lamina. However, how such force transmission from cytoskeleton to the nucleus is regulated by different EMS and their effect on nuclear and …
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Integrin-Linked Kinase, ECM Composition, and Substrate Rigidity Regulate Focal Adhesion - Actin Coupling, Modulating Survival, Proliferation and Migration: Towards a Biophysical Cancer Biomarker
… to sites of cell - ECM contacts known as focal adhesions. Focal adhesions (FAs) are central to cell spreading, motility, survival and growth and serve as both physical linkages between the ECM and cytoskeleton as well as signaling centers for a cell on 2D substrates. Termed focal …
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Development of a novel cell traction force transducer based on cholesteryl ester liquid crystals. Characterisation, quantification and evaluation of a cholesteryl ester liquid crystal based single cell force transducer system.
… of actin cytoskeletons that are mediated by focal adhesions. The staining experiments showed that cells consistently expressed the same suites of integrins (¿2, ¿3, ¿5 and ¿1) and ECM proteins (collagen type IV, laminin and fibronectin) on both glass and LLC coated substrates. Interfacial …
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Combined optical trapping and single molecule fluorescence to study the force-dependent binding kinetics between filamentous actin and its partners
… as a connection between the cell body to the focal adhesions in order to transmit forces into and out of the cell. During the force transduction process, many proteins bind to actin filaments in order to initiate a signaling cascade that reaches the cell nucleus. However, the effects of forces …
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Characterisation of the expression profile and endothelial function of Rho GTPase RhoJ
… On the cellular level, RhoJ knockdown increased focal adhesions, actin stress fibres and collagen gel contraction, suggesting increased actomyosin contractility. Pharmacological inhibition of ROCK and myosin II, two regulators of actomyosin contractility, restored motility and tube formation …
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Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Disease In Patients With Rare Variants In Myh11
… force generation is required for maturation of focal adhesions, and enhancers of RhoA activity replace enhancers of Rac1 activity as maturation occurs. Consistent with these previous findings, focal adhesions are smaller in <em>Myh11</em><sup>R247C/R247C</sup> SMCs, and there is decreased RhoA …
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Characterising FAM117 proteins as novel targets of DYRK1B
… as tubulin, and show strong co-localisation with focal adhesion proteins. FAM117 proteins are reported to be capable of binding the microtubule protein DYNLL1 and work from our lab has identified the intermediate filament protein KANK2 as a possible DYRK1B interactor. Both of these have been …
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