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Showing 1 to 20 of 24 for “"Eyewitness identification"”.
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Extra-Legal Information Transfer During Eyewitness Identification
<p>Researchers recommend that eyewitness lineups be conducted by administrators who do not know which lineup member is the suspect (i.e., that lineups be administered in a double-blind manner). Research on the effects of administrator knowledge generally support the idea that single-blind lineups …
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The effect of lineup size on eyewitness identification accuracy
Eyewitness identification via lineup procedures is an important and widely used source of evidence in criminal cases. However, the current scientific literature provides inconsistent guidance on a very basic question of lineup procedure: lineup size. Some of the ambiguity in the field may be due to …
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Multiple independent lineups: A procedure for corroborating eyewitness identification evidence in children
Child eyewitnesses exhibit problematic choosing on police lineups at a higher rate than adults (Fitzgerald & Price, 2015), which is an issue as mistaken eyewitness testimony is a leading cause of wrongful convictions (National Registry of Exonerations, 2019). This study examined a novel eyewitness …
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Gender-bias and its influence on the accuracy of eyewitness identification of perpetrators
<p>"Previous research has looked at how eyewitnesses can identify characteristically with victims of crimes, but few have looked at how eyewitnesses identify with the perpetrators in any capacity (Block, Greenberg, & Goodman, 2009). More specifically, few have looked at how gender-bias influences …
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The Influence Of Facial Attractiveness And Babyfaceness On Actors' Memorability
… These results suggest that people who use eyewitness identification judgments, such as those in law enforcement, should consider the attractiveness and babyfaceness of those depicted when developing photos that will be used for eyewitness identification tasks.
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An Innocent Bystander Walks into a Bar: The Influence of Temporal Proximity and Familiarity on Unconscious Transference
… in the United States involved mistaken eyewitness identification as a contributing factor to these errant convictions. Psychologists have contributed towards minimizing mistaken identifications by proposing best practices that law enforcement still follow today. One understudied cause of …
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Showup identifications: the effects of presence of stolen property and suspect’s denial on identification performance
A showup identification is the presentation of a single suspect to an eyewitness. I used a simulated theft paradigm and subsequent showup identification to examine the effects of stolen property, suspects’ verbal behaviour, and target-presence on eyewitness identification performance. I used a 2 …
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Wrongful Conviction Documentaries: Influences of Crime Media Exposure on Mock Juror Decision-Making
… the risk factors of wrongful conviction, such as eyewitness errors and false confessions, lead viewers to become more discriminating as jurors, voting to convict when the primary evidence contains little empirical risk, while voting to acquit when that evidence contains significant empirical …
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False memories and false eyewitness identifications: are they related?
… 1995) and the unconscious transference eyewitness identification paradigm (Ross, Ceci, Dunning, & Toglia, 1994) represent two tasks in which memory errors occur. Numerous studies exist examining each of these, few if any exist that examine the relationship between false memories and …
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The Emergence of an Own-Gender Bias Within a Change Blindness and Eyewitness Paradigm
… in real-world interactions. The area of eyewitness identification has revealed a similar type of visual processing error; specifically, the tendency for eyewitnesses to incorrectly identify a perpetrator. Recently, researchers have attempted to merge these two areas, creating a combined …
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Does the Post-Identification Feedback Effect Persist in Eyewitnesses Viewing Multiple Perpetrator Line-ups?
Eyewitness testimonies are integral pieces of evidence in criminal justice investigations. This is because justified conviction and appropriate sentencing can flow from eyewitness testimony. However, research has demonstrated that eyewitness testimony is often unreliable, even more so, the …
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The Everlasting Plague of Settler Colonialism in South Africa: An Autoethnographic Study on the Settler Logic of Eliminations? Assimilative Projects and its Impact Upon Understandings of Identity and the Self
Eyewitness testimonies are integral pieces of evidence in criminal justice investigations. This is because justified conviction and appropriate sentencing can flow from eyewitness testimony. However, research has demonstrated that eyewitness testimony is often unreliable, even more so, the …
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Absolute and Relative Judgments and the Relationship Between Eyewitness Accuracy and Confidence
Research in eyewitness identification has found that eyewitness confidence can be highly predictive of eyewitness accuracy if a set of pristine testing conditions are met. Fuzzy-trace theory (FTT), a dual-process theory of cognition and memory, predicts that the distinction between pristine and …
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A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of stress at encoding on line-up performance
… has been conducted on the effect of stress on eyewitness memory, the answer to this question remains unclear. Whereas a previous meta-analysis (Deffenbacher et al., 2004) concluded that stress negatively affects eyewitness identification ability, recent studies have shown a lack of consensus. …
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The Role of Implicit Racial Attitudes and Universal Orientation in Cross-Racial Face Recognition
… between people of different races and eyewitness identification of criminal suspects has spurred much research into uncovering the nature of the asymmetry between recognition of own- and otherrace faces. So far, however, many attempts to consistently demonstrate factors that contribute …
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Beyond a reasonable doubt: how South African courts assess eyewitness testimony in murder trials
The impact of criminal courts accepting an honest eyewitness misidentification extends beyond the theoretical considerations of the purpose of criminal trials, sentencing, and mere notions of justice. A wrongful conviction has the consequence of punishing an innocent person, while allowing a guilty …
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Gender differences in levels of suggestibility
… and how these differences apply to matters of eyewitness testimony. A total of 70 undergraduates (37 male, 33 female) completed a memory task followed by three personality inventories (the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Self-Monitoring Scale, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale) …
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Eyewitness suggestibility across presentation modalities
Misleading post-event information--Cognitive processing differences.
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Eyewitness suggestibility across presentation modalities
Misleading post-event information--Cognitive processing differences.
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