Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 28 for “"Evolutionary Pressure"”.
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Complex photonic structures in nature: from order to disorder
… disordered photonics has been optimised under evolutionary pressure? And, finally, can we exploit the well-adapted photonic design principles that we observe in Nature to fabricate functional materials with optimised scattering response? In my thesis I try to answer the questions above: I …
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The Limits of Longevity
… that these species must be ageless. Because of pressures that result from the lack of a clean division between the germ line and the soma in fissiparous organisms, agelessness becomes necessary as a prerequisite of this kind of reproductive strategy. Others argue that fundamental theories of the …
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Language Models Predict Drug Resistance from Complex Sequence Variation
… be predictive of resistance to other types of evolutionary pressure as well. In this thesis, we show that language modeling of protein evolution can also predict mutations that confer drug resistance. We validate our language model predictions using known drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 …
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Computational prediction of RNA-based gene regulatory mechanisms in human and Tetrahymena
… motif. In the second section, we examine the evolutionary impact of microRNAs (miRNAs), which mediate potent post-transcriptional repression on their targets. We observe that miRNAs with tissue-specific expression exert remarkable evolutionary pressure, compelling many preferentially …
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The Evolution of the Viral RNA Sensor OAS1 in Old World Monkeys and Cetartiodactyls
… identifies some of the same regions under evolutionary pressure as found in primates and also highlights others suggesting neofunctionalization of paralogous genes.</p>
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Mass-balanced randomization : a significance measure for metabolic networks
… physical principles and a complex history of evolutionary pressure. The latter determines the cellular functions and abilities required for an organism’s survival. Consequently, the functionally important properties of biological systems result from evolutionary pressure. By employing …
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A Novel Naturalistic Paradigm to Study Aerial Predator-Induced Fear
… advantage while mitigating all risks is a major evolutionary pressure. The rat, although a small prey animal, has been able to employ these behaviors to adapt in nearly any environment and become the second most successful mammal on Earth. Historically to study fear behavior and avoidance in the …
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Bacterial defense islands: CRISPR-Cas and toxin-antitoxin systems /
Under constant evolutionary pressure, bacteria developed a set of DNA and RNA-targeting systems to combat their invaders – bacteriophages. Fundamental research on these resistance mechanisms led to the discovery of molecular tools for genetic engineering, such as restriction enzymes, bacterial …
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Comparative analysis of gene expression in two sexually dimorphic crustacean species Euphilomedes carcharodonta and Euphilomedes morini
… suggested that resource partitioning, or niche pressure, may exert evolutionary pressure, leading to sexual dimorphism. Many members of the sarseilloid family of ostracods exhibit sexual dimorphism of their lateral eyes with males having an image forming eye, while females have a rudimentary eye …
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Post-Replicative Resolution of Under-Replication
The evolutionary pressure to prevent re-replication by inactivating licensing during S phase leaves higher-eukaryotes with large genomes, such as human cells, vulnerable to replication stresses. Origins licensed in G1 must be sufficient to complete replication as new origins cannot be licensed in …
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The earth's interior from both a seismological and petrological perspective
… in a thin-section can be used to infer the evolutionary pressure-temperature history of a rock. I present a new method for textural analysis that uses digital images obtained with the electron microprobe. This method is used to characterize nine mantle xenoliths erupted from kimberlite pipes …
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Evolution and functional specializations in nocturnal environments: insights from visual pigments in Chiroptera
… an ideal model to investigate how diverse evolutionary pressures shaped sensory adaptation. At the molecular level, vision is initiated through activation of visual pigments, light-sensitive complexes expressed in photoreceptor cells in the retina that have been shown to evolve in response …
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Bioinformatics approaches to large scale genome comparison, including the identification of conserved noncoding regions
… containing vital information are under greater evolutionary pressure than sequences without function, the former are expected to be more conserved during evolution. This clearly holds for protein coding sequences and can also be exploited in the study of regulatory or other noncoding functional …
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The ancient and recurrent evolution of Apobec3 antiviral activity in primates
… of antagonizing restriction factors. Through evolutionary pressure for both host survival and virus replication, an evolutionary arms race has developed that drives continuous rounds of selection for beneficial mutations in restriction factor genes and their viral antagonists. Because viruses …
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Understanding small RNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 activator HilA in Salmonella typhimurium
… regulation. This pattern likely reflects evolutionary optimization for regulatory efficiency. The limited direct hilA regulators may result from evolutionary pressure against inappropriate activation of this essential virulence factor. These results advance our understanding of …
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Investigating Interferon-Inducible Antiviral Effectors Through a Virological and Evolutionary Lens
… This interaction creates significant host-driven evolutionary pressure, as many viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade IFIT1 antiviral function. However, less is known about the virus-driven pressures that have shaped the antiviral activity of mammalian IFIT1 genes. Here, I used evolutionary …
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Unifying the features that determine substrate preferences of nanoRNases
… activity in various organisms. The evolutionary pressure to maintain diribonucleotidase activity further underlines the important function of these analogous proteins.
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The impact of bile and anaerobic stress on Listeria monocytogenes isolates
… 0.001). This important finding demonstrates the evolutionary pressure on these strains to survive in the gut. Correlation of results from the BSH agar plate assay with the bile tolerance assay demonstrated that the food and environmental isolates had slightly higher levels of BSH activity than …
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Evolutionary conservation of host responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in liverworts
… bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the evolutionary conservation of AMS molecular pathways in the liverwort Marchantia paleacea, with a combination of phylogenetic, comparative transcriptomic and reverse genetic approaches. The dynamic response of M. paleacea to colonization by the AM …
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ALTERING THE AI-2 MEDIATED QUORUM SENSING CIRCUITRY TO QUENCH BACTERIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
… Such approaches have been reported to pose less evolutionary pressure on bacteria to evolve and become resistant to antibiotics. Bacterial cell-cell communication, termed quorum sensing (QS), is mediated by signatures of small molecules. QS via these small molecules has been linked to numerous …
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