Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 512 for “"Eukaryotes"”.
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Cellular reprogramming in eukaryotes
Nearly all cellular processes are controlled by a highly complex genetic and epigenetic network. Although much of this complexity is still unknown to us, we have nonetheless begun exploring, perturbing, and creating genetic circuits in cells. To truly understand and control a cell, we have to build …
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On Two Problems in Comparative Genomics of Eukaryotes
The recent advent of whole-genome sequencing allows us to use novel comparative methods to explore the genetic bases for traits of interest. Here, I present two case studies of such methods applied to eukaryote genomes. The first study regards the evolution of longevity in the mammalian proteome. …
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Conservation of Translation Initiation Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
… can initiate translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Colussi et al. (2015) reported that the eukaryotic PSIV IGR IRES can initiate prokaryotic translation and effectively circumvent domain-specific divergences. This novel discovery led us to investigate whether this IRES is unique in its …
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Ecological forces affecting microbial eukaryotes in the coastal ocean
Marine microbial eukaryotes (protists) play a central role in the global biogeochemical cycles. Protist communities comprise carbon-fixing eukaryotic phytoplankton, which comprise the base of the marine food web, heterotrophic protists, which are predators of other microbes, and mixotrophs, which …
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Contributions to the Proterozoic and Cambrian Evolution of Eukaryotes
… shedding new light on the divergence of bikont eukaryotes, the rise of rhizarians, and the ecological importance of heterotrophic eukaryotes in Proterozoic ecosystems. Chapter 4 focuses on Cambrian microfossils that represent the primary producers' cyanobacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton …
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Resolving the molecular ecology of marine microbial eukaryotes with metatranscriptomes
… ocean host diverse populations of microbial eukaryotes, who collectively mediate the flux of energy and matter in their environment with a significant impact on global biogeochemical cycles. The evolutionary history of these organisms spans billions of years and includes multiple …
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Sequence features affecting translation initiation in eukaryotes: A bioinformatic approach
Sequence features play an important role in the regulation of translation initiation. This thesis focuses on the sequence features affecting eukaryotic initiation. The characteristics of 5' untranslated region in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were explored. It is found that the 40 nucleotides upstream …
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GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION OF RNA SENSORS IN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES
RNA's ability to fold into complex secondary and tertiary structures underlies its suitability as cellular sensors that detect and respond to metabolite changes in the environment. Here, we introduce a high-throughput strategy named PARCEL that directly and experimentally identifies RNA sensors …
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Recovery and quality estimation of metagenomic assembled genomes of eukaryotes
… than fungi globally (Bar-On et al., 2018), eukaryotes are also important constituents of microbial communities (e.g on the human skin). Shotgun metagenomics can provide access to the combined genetic information of a community in a culture independent manner. Using de novo assembly and post …
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Studies on Translation Speed and Protein Folding Efficiency in Bacteria and Eukaryotes
… differ significantly between bacteria and eukaryotes, as evidenced by the often observed poor yields of native eukaryotic proteins upon recombinant production in bacterial systems. Polypeptide synthesis rates are faster in bacteria than in eukaryotes, but the effects of general variations …
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Studies of lipoic acid and biotin metabolism in bacteria and higher eukaryotes
… known and putative GcvHs from other bacteria and eukaryotes by in vivo complementation and in vitro enzymatic assays and found they could also substitute for B. subtilis GcvH in OADH modification. In the fifth chapter, I summarize my findings and give my outlooks especially for avenues of lipoic …
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Develoment and Application of Chemical Strategies to Study Protein Fatty-Acylation in Eukaryotes
<p>Reversible S-palmitoylation confers spatiotemporal control of protein function by modulating protein stability, trafficking and activity as well as protein-protein and membrane-protein associations. While it is evident that palmitoylation is regulated in vivo, mechanisms that mediate cellular …
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Paleobiology, Biostratigraphy, and Taphonomy of Neoproterozoic Eukaryotes and Cambrian Animals with Carbonaceous Preservation
Carbonaceous fossil preservation is an important taphonomic window that provides critical perspectives on the evolutionary history of life. However, phylogenetic interpretation of carbonaceous fossils is not straightforward. This is largely because critical biological information is usually lost …
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ECLIPSED DUAL DISTRIBUTION OF MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS IN EUKARYOTES: UBIQUITINATION IN YEAST MITOCHONDRIA AS A PARADIGM
Mitochondria are multifunctional, vital organelles of eukaryotic cells. Previous studies of Ophry Pines' lab demonstrate that dual targeting of mitochondrial proteins is a highly abundant phenomenon using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the model organism. The studies of the present thesis indicate …
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Detecting genomic elements of extreme conservation in higher eukaryotes by integration of hash mapping and cache-oblivious in-memory computing
… of the regions of extreme conservation in higher eukaryotes providing insights into the structural organization, function and evolution of these elements. Here, we present a new hybrid approach that integrates the ideas of hash mapping and cache-oblivious in-memory computing. Our algorithm …
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Patterns of cytosine methylation in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans
… of cytosine DNA methylation across diverse eukaryotes suggest that early features of DNA methylation present in the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes some 1.6 to 1.8 billion years ago included the methylation of gene bodies and transposable elements (Zemach, McDaniel et al. 2010; …
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Eukaryotic Microbes in the Deep Sea: Abundance, Diversity, and the Effect of Pressure
… Here, I present three studies on microbial eukaryotes in the deep sea: first, a study of the abundance of microbial eukaryotes in the deep sea, second, a quantitative approach to study broad-scale diversity in the deep sea; and last, a series of experiments to explore the effect of deep-sea …
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Structural Studies of DNA Replication Machinery in Archaea
… been intensively studied in both bacteria and eukaryotes. However, DNA replication in archaea, the third domain of life, is not well characterized. Accumulating evidence indicates that archaeal DNA replication machinery is more homologous to that of eukaryotes but presents a simpler molecular …
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The KsgA methyltransferase: Characterization of a universally conserved protein involved in robosome biogenesis
… assembly process differs significantly between eukaryotes and eubacteria, not only in distribution and mechanism of modifications but also in organization of assembly steps. Despite these differences, members of the KsgA/Dim1 methyltransferase family and their resultant modification of …
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Benthic meiofaunal and micro-eukaryotic inhabitation of extreme environments: Submerged caves and hydrocarbon seeps
Benthic meiofauna and microbial eukaryotes comprise diverse taxa that influence biogeochemical cycling and food-web dynamics in aquatic ecosystems. Many inhabit “extreme” environments with steep gradients in parameters such as oxygen, salinity, and organic matter availability, serving as natural …
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