Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 26 for “"Ethambutol"”.
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Determinants and consequences of the pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol in a cohort of tuberculosis patients
A prospectlve pharmacokinetic study was conducted amongst a cohort of 142 patients with tuberculosis (TB) susceptible to rifampicin and isoniazid at Brewelsleloof Hospital, Worcester, in the Western Cape.
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A scoping review on the use of telerehabilitation in physiotherapy in low and middle income countries
Introduction: Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic drug, administered as part of a fixed-dose combination regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Individuals with comorbid HIV have reported reduced serum concentrations of ethambutol. We aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ethambutol in …
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Is the Adams D-15 colour vision test a sensitive screening tool for ethambutol- and linezolid-induced optic neuropathy? A retrospective case series
Background: Ethambutol hydrochloride and linezolid are commonly used anti-tuberculous agents. Both agents can cause potentially blinding toxic optic neuropathy. Currently there is no low-cost, sensitive screening tool to detect early toxicity before permanent vision loss has occurred. Purpose: To …
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Population pharmacokinetic modelling to address the gaps in knowledge of commonly used HIV and TB drugs in children
… assessed the pharmacokinetics of abacavir and ethambutol and evaluated the influence of covariates such as age and concomitant medication on the PK parameters across different studies using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. The models developed were used to estimate area under the …
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Characterizing population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships in pulmonary tuberculosis infected adults using nonlinear mixed effects modelling
… receive rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol in the standard 6-month control regimen or the 4-month test regimen where gatifloxacin replaced ethambutol. The pharmacokinetics of all drugs was described at first dose and steady-state using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling, and …
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A description of the pharmacokinetics of first line anti-tuberculosis drugs and adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in the pericardial compartment and their effect on cytokine profiles in the pericardial compartment of patients with tuberculous pericarditis
… treatment, namely, rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. Intensive pharmacokinetic samples were collected at the following timepoints, just before administration of the anti-tuberculosis treatment and prednisolone or placebo and at 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour, 5 hour, 8 …
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Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling to improve tuberculosis treatment
… tuberculosis drugs isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol in pregnancy. We assessed the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pretomanid, clofazimine, and linezolid in African tuberculosis patients. Reassuringly, we found no significant pregnancy effect on the exposure of these …
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Development of Drug Loaded Nanoparticles for Treatment of Mycobacterium avium Infection
… loaded with rifampicin, clarithromycin and ethambutol. Clarithromycin (CLA) and amikacin (AMK) loaded nanoparticles showed a significant reduction in viable M. avium compared to free antibiotics and untreated controls. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that all types of drug-laden nanoparticles …
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Development of antibiotic microneedle delivery systems for tuberculosis treatment
… namely rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, which have different physicochemical properties. These drugs were individually prepared into three types of drug reservoirs, including lyophilised tablets, directly compressed tablets and poly(ethylene glycol) tablets. In the specific …
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Molecular and biochemical characterisation of novel glycosyltransferases in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
… of arabinogalactan. The anti-tuberculosis agent ethambutol (EMB) targets arabinogalactan biosynthesis through inhibition of Mt-EmbA and Mt-EmbB and also targets the biosynthesis of the important immunomodulatory molecule lipoarabinomannan (LAM), through inhibition of Mt-EmbC. A bioinformatics …
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Microbiological, genomic and transcriptomic analyses of human tuberculosis lung cavities
… phenotypic profiles of several drugs including ethambutol, moxifloxacin and paraaminosalicylic acid. An anatomically distinct whole-transcriptome-based pathophysiological map of TB cavities was constructed. RNA sequence reads, of which 31% were splice variants, mapped to 19,049 annotated human …
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Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodyamic modeling of antitubercular drugs
… of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol in 78 patients with tuberculosis were described using non-linear mixed effects modeling. Pharmacodynamic data was comprised of weekly sputum liquid culture (using mycobacterial growth indicator tubes) time to detection results from 144 …
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A pharmacometric approach to optimal use of second line drugs for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
… of pyrazinamide, moxifloxacin, ethionamide, ethambutol, cycloserine, and isoniazid. Results and conclusions We found no measurable terizidone in plasma supporting the hypothesis that terizidone is hydrolysed pre-systemically to cycloserine. The cycloserine time-concentration profile supports …
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Investigation of mycobacterial cell wall genes and their requirement for survival in immune related stressful conditions
… and not to rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol. Our growth curve analysis showed that ftsEX and ripC are not essential for survival in normal growth conditions. However, ftsEX and ripC are conditionally essential for M. smegmatis in low salt media. Growth defects in this condition …
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Aerosolizable Drug-Loaded SPIONs for Treatment and Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
… an emulsion solvent evaporation method, with Ethambutol and a novel MmpL3 inhibitor, N-(adamantyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (N2), incorporated as model therapeutic agents. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), …
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Population/ Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tuberculosis treatment
… of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol in TB/HIV coinfected patients recruited in two phase III clinical trials (61 patients in TB-HAART and 222 patients in RAFA study) were described using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. Concentration-time data for rifampicin (TB-HAART …
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Probing the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope: CRISPR interference-mediated investigation of two essential genes in the galactan biosynthetic pathway
… to first-line antibiotics rifampicin, ethambutol, vancomycin or linezolid. In addition, partial transcriptional silencing of wecA altered cell morphology, characterised by significant shortening and widening of cells, however partial transcriptional silencing of rfbD had no significant …
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Effect of growth in biofilms upon antibiotic and chlorine susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare
… in biofilms was measured against clarithromycin, ethambutol, kanamycin, rifampicin and streptomycin. Cells grown in biofilms and exposed to antibiotics in biofilms were five-fold resistant to antibiotics than were cells grown in biofilms and exposed in suspension. Cells grown and exposed in …
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A Chemical-Genetic Map of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
… drugs including streptomycin, levofloxacin, and ethambutol. Mining a whole genome sequence database of over 40,000 clinical Mtb isolates we identified several ettA mutations which phenocopy the CRISPRi mutants and confer multidrug resistance. Of particular interest, strains harboring an EttA ATP …
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Variability in the pharmacokinetics of rifapentine in South African tuberculosis patients : a classical and population approach
… therapy (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol). In total, twenty blood samples were collected per patient from 0 - 168 hours. Rifapentine and 25desacetyl rifapentine concentrations were determined using validated high pressure liquid chromatography methods. Median peak plasma …
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