Global ETD Search
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Showing 1 to 20 of 60 for “"Efavirenz"”.
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The natural history of Efavirenz Drug Induced liver injury
Background Efavirenz (EFV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), has been a component of first line antiretroviral treatment in the South African HIV/AIDS programme since 2004. Similarly, it is extensively used in ART programmes in other low and middle incomes countries. The …
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Efavirenz pharmacogenetics and metabolic toxicity in black South Africans
Background: Efavirenz is associated with hepatotoxicity, dyslipidaemia and dysglycaemia. We aimed to determine if CYP2B6 composite metaboliser genotypes influence lipids, glucose and ALT concentrations. Methods: Data and DNA from South African antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve participants …
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Neuropsychiatric complications of efavirenz in children with HIV-1 infection
Background: Efavirenz is associated with transient neuropsychiatric manifestations but the impact on neurocognition is unknown. Genetically determined black South Africans who are slow metabolizers of efavirenz may be at risk of toxicity. This study describes neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive …
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Electrochemical and molecular modelling studies to assess the photoreactive properties of Efavirenz
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Applied Science in Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2022.
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Pharmacogenetics of Efavirenz response in Bantu-speaking South African HIV/AIDS patients
Efavirenz (EFV) is used in first-line antiretroviral (ARV) therapy of HIV-infected patients, and is principally metabolised by CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP3A4/5 and the drug transporter ABCB1. Genetic variability in the above genes may contribute to differences in EFV plasma concentrations which …
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Severe Neurotoxicity Associated with supra-therapeutic Efavirenz concentrations: a retrospective cohort study
Introduction Efavirenz, still used for first line antiretroviral therapy, is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, often occurring early in therapy. Severe neurotoxicity has been reported but the clinical phenotype and risk factors are poorly defined. Methods We retrospectively identified …
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Proteomic insights into the modulation of foetal neurogenesis by the anti-retroviral efavirenz
… immediately initiate antiretroviral therapy (efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir), regardless of trimester. Efavirenz causes central nervous system neuropathy and has been linked to birth defects such as encephalocoele. Cohort studies of HIV-uninfected children exposed to antiretroviral …
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Determination of total, unbound, and intracellular concentrations of the antiretroviral drugs Efavirenz, Lopinavir, and Ritonavir
Efavirenz, lopinavir, and ritonavir are antiretroviral drugs used for the treatment of HIV in South Africa. Plasma concentrations of these drugs are routinely monitored to ensure efficacy, minimise adverse effects, and adjust dosing. However, variability exists in patient treatment response and …
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Efavirenz pre-formulation study : selection of a cyclodextrin inclusion complex or co-crystal complex for tabletting
Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used as an anti-retroviral for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type I. It is classified as a class IΙ drug under the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) and exhibits a low solubility (aqueous solubility of …
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The Plasma, Whole Blood and Intracellular Concentrations of Antiretroviral Agents in South African Children Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy with and without Concomitant Antitubercular Treatment
… HIV infection and TB is frequently indicated. Efavirenz and lopinavir/ritonavir (ratio 1:1) as part of antiretroviral therapy are used in combination with rifampicin-based antitubercular treatment in South African TB/HIV co-infected children. Adult studies show that concomitant rifampicin …
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Treatment of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders
… as several antiretrovirals are neurotoxic. Efavirenz in particular, but also tenofovir and emtricitabine, have been shown to have direct neurotoxicity in preclinical models. Polymorphisms in genes that encode these enzymes or transporters may therefore affect antiretroviral CSF …
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Utility of EEG in the diagnosis of Efavirenz neurotoxity in HIV positive patients at a South African tertiary hospital
Background: Efavirenz (EFV) is a widely used antiretroviral medication in HIV treatment, primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 CYP2B6, an enzyme whose loss of function polymorphisms have been associated with risk of EFV neurotoxicity. Patients with late onset efavirenz neurotoxicity syndrome …
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Rates of Switching First-Line Antiretroviral Regimen Tenofovir-Emtricitabine-Efavirenz combination in a Primary Care Service in South Africa
Introduction: Tenofovir-Emtricitabine-Efavirenz (TEE) fixed-dose-combination (FDC) has been recommended since 2013 as the first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV for people living with the virus (PLWH) in South Africa. More evidence has emerged to show long term adverse effects of …
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Pharmacogenomics and pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs and their associations with metabolic complications in HIV-infected Black South Africans
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART), notably efavirenz and lopinavir, have been associated with metabolic abnormalities known to increase cardiovascular risk. Efavirenz and lopinavir pharmacokinetics demonstrate considerable interindividual variability, which in part, may be explained by host …
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Bio-behavioural evaluation of efavirenz and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol alone and in combination in rats with respect to psychosis and anxiety
The highly active antiretroviral therapy, efavirenz (EFV), has been noted to occur as a constituent of a potent new designer drug cocktail called "Nyaope" or "Whoonga", which is reported to have mind-altering and addictive-like properties. As an anti-retroviral medicine for treatment against human …
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Pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics and optimisation of treatment with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-infected African children
Efavirenz and nevirapine are the most widely used agents for treatment of HIV in children. Sources of variability in their pharmacokinetics and its association with virological outcome and adverse events in African children are poorly characterised, thereby limiting treatment optimisation. To fill …
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Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of efavirenz in HIV–1–infected children treated with first line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa
… to children in resource limited countries. Efavirenz (EFV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) forms part of the recommended national first line antiretroviral treatment regimen for children older than 3 years and weighing more than 10 kg in South Africa. Limited …
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Effect of rifampicin-based antitubercular therapy on nevirapine plasma concentrations in South African adults with HIV-associated tuberculosis
… requiring concomitant treatment is very common. Efavirenz is regarded as the NNRTI of choice for TB co-infected patients [1] as outcomes are superior compared to those achieved with nevirapine-based ART [4] and concomitant TB treatment does not significantly reduce efavirenz concentrations [5]. …
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Morbidity from antiretroviral metabolic effects in Africa: The Mama Study
… in the HIV-infected population. Furthermore, efavirenz is the preferred nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) in first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in low- and middle-income countries, where the prevalence of diabetes is increasing. Randomized control trials have …
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Virologic outcomes of HIV-infected children undergoing a single-class drug substitution from Lopinavir/Ritonavir- to Efavirenz-based antiretroviral treatment: A retrospective cohort study
… 3 trial showed that substituting LPV/r for efavirenz (EFV) in children aged 36-60 months virologically suppressed on LPV/r-based cART was protective against viral rebound and had no effect on virological failure compared with remaining on LPV/r. To our knowledge, no studies to date have …
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