Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 41 for “"Dopamine neurons"”.
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FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF MIDBRAIN DOPAMINE NEURONS IN ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
Dopamine signaling is thought to play a critical role in reward-related learning, and the predominant hypothesis proposes that dopamine neurons signal the expected reward values of sensory stimuli in the form of a short-latency phasic burst. Thus, the reward prediction hypothesis assumes that …
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Leptin Action on Dopamine Neurons: Biochemical and Behavioral Analysis
… that leptin receptor (Lepr) is expressed on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) provides a link between metabolic state and rewarding behavior. By using a multitude of techniques, the functional roles for Lepr signaling on dopamine neurons have been assessed. By activating …
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EFFECTS OF OPTOGENETIC ACTIVATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL MODULATION OF DOPAMINE NEURONS
… of schizophrenia may come from overexpression of dopamine in mesolimbic dopamine neurons. Positive symptoms can be produced in healthy volunteers treated with amphetamine, a psychostimulant drug and dopamine releaser. Conversely, antipsychotic drugs may reduce positive symptoms by blocking …
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Measuring the Subjective Value of Effort in Behaviour and Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
… (subjective cost) of the required effort. The dopamine reward prediction error signal is a potential neuronal substrate of this utility calculation as it is known to capture subjective value of rewards, risk and time. Other work has demonstrated pathologies of midbrain dopamine neurons and …
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Simulating the Affects of Glutamatergic Afferents on the Firing Pattern of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
A computational model of a midbrain dopamine neuron was extended in this study to include a response to random excitatory afferent input by incorporating the receptor components AMPA and NMDA. In a diagonal band where average glutamatergic and tonic gabaergic input is roughly balanced, both single …
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mRNA EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF MIDBRAIN DOPAMINE NEURONS IN RESPONSE TO NICOTINE INTAKE DURING MATURATION
… exert their reinforcing properties through the dopamine system. The majority of dopamine (DA) neurons are located in the ventral midbrain comprising of the substantia nigra (SN) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Nicotine has been suggested as both neuroprotective and neurotoxic on the …
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Functions of GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta
Dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) have a key role in regulation of voluntary movement control. Their death is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease, characterised by inhibited motor control, including muscle rigidity and tremor. Excitatory input to SNc-DA neurons is …
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Social isolation enhances calcium signaling and synaptic plasticity in dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area
… is known to alter the functioning of the dopaminergic system, as well as reward processing and learning, its effect on dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is unknown. The data presented in this dissertation demonstrate that social isolation of rats during a critical …
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Methamphetamine and cocaine effects on dopamine neurons in a rat model of developmental stress and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
… and impulsivity and is theorised to be caused by dopaminergic dysregulation. Developmental stress interrupts vulnerable periods of neural developmental and has also been found to induce disturbances in dopamine. ADHD and developmental stress are both associated with a higher risk of abusing …
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Effect of maternal separation on stress-related proteins measured in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson’s disease
… resulting from the selective degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Dopamine neurons have been shown to exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and misfolded protein aggregation in patients with PD. Since ELS has been shown to negatively …
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A role for Dopamine neuron NMDA receptors in learning and decision-making
Midbrain dopamine has demonstrated roles in locomotion, motivation, associative learning, habit formation, action selection and cognition. The many functions of dopamine can be attributed to the multiple projection targets of midbrain dopaminergic nuclei and to the multiple characteristic modes of …
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Algorithms and circuits for motor control and learning in the songbird
… learning models depend on a teaching signal from dopamine neurons. Dopamine neurons increase their firing rates to signal outcomes that are better than expected and decrease their firing rates to signal outcomes that are worse than expected. This dopamine signal is thought to control learning by …
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A role for hippocampal and midbrain neural processing in context-dependent spatial memory
… assumed that hippocampal place cells (i.e., neurons that are activated when the animal occupies a particular location in the environment; the place field), underlie this function. However, it has been difficult to ascertain which aspects of hippocampal place fields are critical to perform …
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Gut-brain axis: Central impact of gut peptides and metabolic drug on monoamine neurotransmission
… can affect the electrical activity of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), using single-unit activity recording techniques. We have also investigated, whether these peptides can alter some dopamine-dependent …
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Effects of blockade of muscarinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area : attenuation of cocaine reward, but enhancement of locomotor activity and dopamine overflow in the nucleus accumbens
… techniques were used to assess extracellular dopamine levels in the shell of the nucleus accumbens, the terminal region for mesolimbic dopamine neurons originating in the ventral tegmental area. The injection of atropine methyl nitrate into the ventral tegmental area elevated extracellular …
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The effects of early developmental stress and exercise intervention on neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
… of a later unrelated neural insult. The 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson's disease involves the selective unilateral lesion of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. In this group of studies it was hypothesized that maternal separation might enhance the toxic effects of 6-OHDA.
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ETHANOL INHIBITION OF DOPAMINE TRANSMISSION IN ANIMAL MODELS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE LIABILITY
Mesolimbic dopamine neurons, originating in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projecting to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), have been heavily implicated in the reinforcing and rewarding properties of natural and drug rewards and cues that predict these rewards. Ethanol's effects on dopaminergic …
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Neural basis of multi-attribute economic value: examples from humans and monkeys
… monkeys can be used to study subjective values. Dopamine neurons were recorded in our monkeys with single-cell electrophysiology. We can thereby understand, at a single-cell level, how the brain computes and updates the subjective value of risky choices. We can also investigate whether/how the …
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REGULATION OF DOPAMINE TERMINAL RELEASE IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ALCOHOL ADDICTION
… substance abuse despite adverse consequences. Dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens is thought to encode reward and reinforcement, and aberrations in dopamine signaling are suggested to mediate some of the maladaptive motivational behaviors associated with addiction. Measuring dopamine …
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Reward and prediction errors in Bayesian sensorimotor control
Midbrain dopamine neurons invigorate responses by signaling opportunity costs (tonic dopamine) and promote associative learning by encoding a reward prediction error signal (phasic dopamine). Recent studies on Bayesian sensorimotor control have implicated midbrain dopamine concentration in the …
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