Global ETD Search
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Showing 1 to 20 of 26 for “"Disinfection By-Products (DBPS)"”.
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Critical review of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in fresh produce and process water
Disinfection is one of the most significant steps to guarantee the quality, safety, and shelf-life of fresh and fresh-cut produce in food processing industry. However, the disinfectant can react with the organic matter in produce and water, leading to the formation of disinfection byproducts …
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Characterization of Unregulated Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in Chloraminated Water and Estimation of Associated Health Risks
… react with natural organic matter (NOM) and form disinfection by-products (DBPs) that could be both cytotoxic and genotoxic. Four species of Trihalomethanes (THM4) and five species of haloacetic acids (HAA5) are the only two halogenated organic DBP classes regulated by US Environmental Protection …
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The Occurrence and Control of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in Two Water Treatment Plants Utilizing the Same Source
<p>The influence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) on the operation and design of water treatment plants has been increasing since the early studies by Rook on trihalomethanes (THMs) (Stevens, 1977). Work conducted in the 1980s identified the existence of nonvolatile halogenated organics (non-THM …
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Characterising water treatment works performance using fluorescence spectroscopy
… disinfectant dosages, formation of carcinogenic disinfection-by products (DBPs), and microbial re-growth in distribution system. The inherent heterogeneity of OM implies the utilization of advanced analytical techniques for its characterisation and assessment of removal efficiency. Here, the …
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Quantitative, Comparative Toxicity and Toxicogenomic Analyses of Nitrogenous Drinking Water Disinfection by-Products
The disinfection of drinking water was perhaps the most important public health achievement of the 20th century. Drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) are an unintended consequence of a chemical reaction between natural and synthetic organic/inorganic materials in the source water and the …
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Development of a reverse osmosis/electrodialysis process to concentrate natural organic matter
Disinfection in water treatment has been used to protect public health for over 100 years. Disinfectants are added to inactivate pathogens in the drinking water treatment plant and throughout the distribution system. As an unintended consequence, disinfectants react with natural organic matter …
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Drinking water disinfection by-products detection, formation and the precursors removal study
… (THMs) are two groups of commonly found disinfection by-products (DBPs). Iodinated THMs and HAAs were observed after disinfection of water containing high level of iodide and are proved to be more toxic than their corresponding chlorinated and brominated species. In the presented …
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Optimizing a hybrid reverse osmosis/electrodialysis system for natural organic matter concentration
… for chemical and biological characterization of disinfection by-products (DBPs). RO is an effective way to concentrate NOM. However, it also concentrates inorganic ions which lead to an increase in the osmotic pressure, eventually rendering RO ineffective, and potentially producing membrane …
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Analysis and occurrence of disinfection by-products in fresh and salt water
… and bromate are important toxic water disinfection by-products (DBPs) that the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulates in drinking water. Iodoacetic acids and halonitromethanes (HNMs) are the unregulated emerging DBPs that have been recently found in the disinfected …
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Formation of (halo)acetamides and (halo)acetonitriles from the reaction of monochloramine and (halo)acetaldehydes in water
… as a result of tighter regulations on selected disinfection by-products (DBPs) that include four trihalomethanes and five haloacetic acids. However, recent research suggests that unregulated nitrogen-containing DBPs formed by combined chlorine, such as haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides, might …
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Colloid Formation for the Removal of Natural Organic Matter during Iron Sulfate Coagulation
… is a significant precursor in the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). The maximum contaminant levels for (DBPs) are decreasing and more DBPs are believed carcinogenic. Traditional coagulation focuses on the removal of particulate matter and in the last decade soluble species have also …
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In vitro toxicology of complex mixtures from drinking water disinfection and amine-based carbon capture systems
… organ systems and metabolic pathways are altered by the presence of different agents, so it is possible that, in combination, the biological response to a series of agents might not be simply expressed as the sum of individual exposures. A single-compound paradigm, as has been the historical norm …
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Removal of dissolved organic carbon and organic halide precursors by enhanced coagulation
… is defined in the proposed Disinfectant/Disinfection By-Products (D/DBP) Rule as the coagulant dose at which a 10 mg/L increase in coagulant dose does not produce greater than a 0.3 mg/L decrease in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or total organic carbon (TOC) concentration over the …
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Neural tube defects in rodents caused by a tap water contaminant
… rats, developed NTDs when exposed to tap waters. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) arise when natural organic matter in municipal water sources reacts with disinfectants used in the water treatment process. Purge and trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PT GC-MS) and animal exposure studies …
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Characterization of natural organic matter and precursors to trihalomethanes using spectral flourescence signatures
Disinfection is an essential process to kill pathogens (i.e., disease causing organisms) in source water during the production of drinking water. Chlorine is most widely used disinfectant because it is effective, affordable, and also provides chlorine residual to ensure that the water is safe …
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Development and application of fractionation procedure for drinking water organic matters
USEPA mandates a control of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in finished drinking water and recommends reduction of natural organic matters (NOM), DBP precursors, to achieve this regulatory goal. Studies relating NOM with DBP include fractionation of water samples, characterization of collected …
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Chloramine and MIEX control of disinfection by-products formed from an alluvial aquifer water source
Disinfection has been applied for centuries for disinfection process. The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) caused by disinfection become a main safety issue for the public health. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are two of the major classes in DBPs. In response to …
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Toxic effects on model mammalian cells by monohalogenated disinfection byproducts: haloacetic acids and haloacetonitriles
Disinfection processes provide a necessary barrier against waterborne infectious diseases; yet, water disinfectants inadvertently generate environmentally hazardous chemicals called disinfection by-products (DBPs). While a number of individual DBPs have been found to be mutagenic, cytotoxic, …
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Chemical Identification and Flavor Profile Analysis of Iodinated Phenols Produced From Disinfection of Spacecraft Drinking Water
… (NASA) is considering the use of iodine for disinfection of recycled wastewater and potable water in the International Space Station (ISS). Like Chlorine and other halogen compounds, iodine can form disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the presence of organic compounds. Recycled wastewater …
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Impacts of Sludge Volume and Sludge Age on Disinfection By-Product Formation in a Full-Scale Water Treatment Facility
Impact of Sludge Volume and Water Quality on DBPs in a Full-Scale Water Works The goal of this research was to determine the role of settled sludge on the formation of disinfection by-products in a full-scale water treatment plant. The occurrence of disinfection by-products in chlorinated drinking …
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