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Showing 1 to 20 of 59 for “"Disinfection By-Products"”.
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Disinfection by-products and prenatal development
… studies have suggested modes of action for disinfection by-product (DBP) toxicity or teratogenicity, there is little evidence for a causal relationship between DBPs and induction of adverse outcomes in humans. This may be due, in part, to biases inherent to exposure assessment or analytical …
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Comparative Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Drinking Water Disinfection by -Products
… cells. The difference in the responses to DBPs by bacterial and mammalian cells suggests that the relative risks based on Salmonella alone should be questioned. The in vitro microplate based bacterial and mammalian assays developed and used in this research can be employed for screening other …
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Kinetics and Speciation of Brominated Disinfection by -Products During Ozonation
… phenoxides and HOBr. Bromination of phenols by HOBr was found to be approximately 1000 times faster than chlorination by HOCl. Thus bromination of NOM can be a major sink of bromine species even under a low bromide condition. The new method was also applied to evaluate the kinetics of the …
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Multivariate Analysis of Disinfection By-products Formation in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
… in disinfectant residuals decay and unintended disinfection by-product (DBP) formations, which are associated with increased adverse health outcomes. To improve drinking water quality, in-depth understandings of disinfectant stability are required. A systematic literature review was undertaken …
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Chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water and risk of pancreatic cancer.
This thesis studied the effect of chlorination disinfection by-products (CDBPs) in drinking water on the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. The study was based on the case-control component of the National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance System. Incident cases and frequency-matched population …
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Drinking water disinfection by-products detection, formation and the precursors removal study
… (THMs) are two groups of commonly found disinfection by-products (DBPs). Iodinated THMs and HAAs were observed after disinfection of water containing high level of iodide and are proved to be more toxic than their corresponding chlorinated and brominated species. In the presented …
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Analysis and occurrence of disinfection by-products in fresh and salt water
… and bromate are important toxic water disinfection by-products (DBPs) that the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulates in drinking water. Iodoacetic acids and halonitromethanes (HNMs) are the unregulated emerging DBPs that have been recently found in the disinfected …
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Separation and Characterization of Unknown Halogenated Disinfection by -Products in Drinking Water
By applying the technique of quantitative structure-activity relationships, the decomposition rate constants of six iodinated trihaloacetic acids were estimated. It is quite likely that dichloroiodoacetic acid and bromochloroiodoacetic acid may be found in some drinking waters.
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Analysis of disinfection by products in drinking water by solid phase extraction
… concentration, and analysis of drinking water disinfection by products using solid phase extraction (SPE), and to determine if this method had lower detection limits and less variability than the proposed liquid-liquid extraction method, EPA Method 551. The disinfection by products investigated …
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Critical review of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in fresh produce and process water
Disinfection is one of the most significant steps to guarantee the quality, safety, and shelf-life of fresh and fresh-cut produce in food processing industry. However, the disinfectant can react with the organic matter in produce and water, leading to the formation of disinfection byproducts …
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Quantitative, Comparative Toxicity and Toxicogenomic Analyses of Nitrogenous Drinking Water Disinfection by-Products
The disinfection of drinking water was perhaps the most important public health achievement of the 20th century. Drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) are an unintended consequence of a chemical reaction between natural and synthetic organic/inorganic materials in the source water and the …
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Chloramine and MIEX control of disinfection by-products formed from an alluvial aquifer water source
Disinfection has been applied for centuries for disinfection process. The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) caused by disinfection become a main safety issue for the public health. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are two of the major classes in DBPs. In response to …
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Characterization of Unregulated Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in Chloraminated Water and Estimation of Associated Health Risks
… react with natural organic matter (NOM) and form disinfection by-products (DBPs) that could be both cytotoxic and genotoxic. Four species of Trihalomethanes (THM4) and five species of haloacetic acids (HAA5) are the only two halogenated organic DBP classes regulated by US Environmental Protection …
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Study on the formation of nitrogenous disinfection by products from the reaction between dichloroacetaldehyde and monochloramine
Disinfection is a mandatory step in drinking water treatment to inactivate harmful pathogens found in source waters and minimize health risks for human consumers. Among many powerful oxidants commonly used as disinfectants, chlorine has been widely utilized at many water treatment facilities due to …
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A Non-Biological Inhibition Based Sensing Technique (NIBS) for the Detection of Halogenated Disinfection By-Products in Water
… (NIBS), for the detection of toxic halogenated disinfection by-products in water. NIBS is a chemical amplification method where the analyte of interest inhibits a given catalyzed reaction rather than enhancing the reaction rate. NIBS works similar to enzymatic inhibition except that NIBS does …
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The Occurrence and Control of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in Two Water Treatment Plants Utilizing the Same Source
<p>The influence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) on the operation and design of water treatment plants has been increasing since the early studies by Rook on trihalomethanes (THMs) (Stevens, 1977). Work conducted in the 1980s identified the existence of nonvolatile halogenated organics (non-THM …
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Drinking water disinfection by-products: toxicological impacts and biological mechanisms induced by individual compounds or as complex mixtures
The introduction of drinking water disinfection greatly reduced the incidence of waterborne diseases. However, the reaction between disinfectants and natural or synthetic organic matter in the source water can lead to an unintended consequence which is the formation of drinking water disinfection …
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Chemical Identification and Organoleptic Evaluation of Iodine and Iodinated Disinfection By-Products Associated with Treated Spacecraft Drinking Water
… and, consequently, the formation of iodinated disinfection by-products (IDBPs) requires investigation. Objectives of this research were to determine possible precursors of IDBPs, identify IDBPs formed, and apply flavor profile analysis (FPA) as a tool to evaluate water qaulity. Experiments were …
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Emergence and fate of iodinated organic compounds and disinfection by-products during biological treatment of oil and gas produced water
… rich, formation and toxicity of treatment byproducts with iodide and bromide constituents is of concern when planning potential treatment management strategies for complex waste streams like O&G produced water. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of iodinated organic compounds …
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Toxicity mechanism of anthropogenic water contaminants: drinking water disinfection by-products (haloacetic acids) and particle associated contaminants from sealcoats (polyaromatic hydrocarbons) in lake sediments
Drinking water disinfection was one of the major public health accomplishments of 20th century. Water disinfection helps in reducing waterborne diseases like typhoid fever, cholera, and hepatitis A. However, chemical water disinfection also produces unwanted toxic chemicals, known as water …
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