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Showing 1 to 14 of 14 for “"DNA repair capacity"”.
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XPC Haplotypes Alter DNA Repair Capacity and Levels of Genetic Damage
… group C (XPC) is the key recognition factor of DNA damage in global genome nucleotide excision repair (NER). The disease Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) results from mutations leading to structural defects of the encoding gene and in some instances trace to changes in a single nucleotide. The XPC …
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Functional DNA repair capacity assays : a focus on base excision repair
The integrity of our DNA is challenged by roughly 100,000 lesions per cell on a daily basis. Failure to cope with DNA damage can lead to cancer, immunodeficiency and degenerative disease. Quantitating and understanding an individual's DNA repair capacity may enable us to predict and prevent disease …
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The Importance of Dna Repair Capacity to (And A Model to Predict) Cell Radiosensitivity to Ions
… to affect radiosensitivity to photons, including DNA repair capacity. Thus, it is expected that an additional benefit of using ions is that they mitigate the great heterogeneities in treatment responses commonly observed in photon therapies.</p> <p>However, by analyzing the cell survival of human …
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Genotoxic effects of nano and bulk forms of aspirin and ibuprofen on blood samples from prostate cancer patients compared to those from healthy individuals: The protective effects of NSAIDs against oxidative damage, quantification of DNA repair capacity and major signal transduction pathways in lymphocytes from healthy individuals and prostate cancer patients
… a significant decrease in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage compared to aspirin bulk (ASP B). Also, ibuprofen nano (IBU N) showed a significant reduction in DNA damage compared to ibuprofen bulk (IBU B). Micronuclei (MNi) decreased after ASP N, ASP B and IBU N in prostate cancer patients and …
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Perspectiva da longevidade
… these issues. Studies showed that stochastic DNA damage accumulates in the brain, muscle, liver, kidney, stem cells. The main source of DNA damage are reactive oxygen species produced as normal ce llular metabolism byproducts which cause cellular changes to the body associated with aging and …
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Leveraging cell micropatterning technology for rapid cell-based assessment of chemical toxicity and population variation in toxicity susceptibility
… methods. For each human cell, about 100,000 DNA lesions occur every day. Unrepaired DNA damage can lead to deleterious health consequences, including cancer and aging. Therefore, an essential endpoint in cell-based chemical safety testing is the assessment of a compound's genotoxic potential. …
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Antioxidents or reduced oxygen tension as a defense system in T cells ex vivo and in vitro
… the lifespan and reduced levels of oxidative DNA damage in clones supplemented from a young in vitro age and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD4+ T cells ex vivo derived from either age group. The GSH:GSSG ratio was also significantly higher in supplemented clones and cells ex …
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A Comparison of Two 'In Vitro' Assays to Assess Radiosensitivity in Patients Receiving Radiotherapy
… sensitivity to radiation may also exhibit a poor DNA repair capacity. Consequently, in vitro assays which assess radiation-induced DNA damage and its subsequent repair may have potential in predicting a patient's response to radiotherapy. Nuclear Lysate Sedimentation (NLS) and Microgel …
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Activation of the p53 pathway in combination with photon irradiation for the treatment of neurological tumour cells
… cell proliferation, cell-cycle control, and DNA damage response following irradiation. This study investigated the biological effects of the MDM2 inhibitor AMG232 in combination with photon irradiation in TP53- wild-type and TP53-mutant MB and GB cell lines, with the aim of assessing whether …
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THE ROLE OF ACTIVE AND ACTIVE-SITE ALKYLATED HUMAN O6-METHYLGUANINE-DNA METHYTRANSFERASE (MGMT AND R-MGMT) IN DNA REPAIR AND BIOMONITORING
… and active-site alkylated human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT and R-MGMT) in DNA repair and biomonitoring. The human DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT, Mr 22kd), which protects cells against the mutagenic effect of alkylating carcinogens, was found to be …
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Molecular mechanisms of myricetin bulk and nano forms mediating genoprotective and genotoxic effects in lymphocytes from pre-cancerous and myeloma patients
… pyridine and reactive oxygen species- induced DNA damage using the Comet assay, micronucleus assay, cellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione detection assay, Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. Lymphocytes from the patient groups showed …
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Genetic determinants of NEIL2 transcription
… (ROS) which produce a multitude of oxidative DNA lesions that can lead to mutations, genomic instability, and ultimately, to the development of cancer and other diseases. The DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway is initiated by a DNA glycosylase and subsequently, includes several other …
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Xenobiotic metabolism and markers of genotoxicity in regulatory non-vertebrate ecotoxicological test species
… cells. Statistically significant increases in DNA strand breaks were detected following exposure of algal cells to selected direct- and indirect-acting genotoxicants. An apparent relatively low sensitivity was not elevated by using a wall-free mutant. In contrast, the DNA damage responses in D. …
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The iron-dependent cyanide and hydrogen peroxide co-toxicity in Escherichia coli and its catastrophic consequences for the chromosome
… microbes. We also showed that the base excision repair pathway plays the major role in preventing this catastrophic chromosomal fragmentation, which indicates that the double-strand breaks induced by CN + H2O2 are preceded by a significant number of base modifications, removed by base-excision …