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Showing 1 to 17 of 17 for “"DNA glycosylases"”.
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Functional DNA repair capacity assays : a focus on base excision repair
The integrity of our DNA is challenged by roughly 100,000 lesions per cell on a daily basis. Failure to cope with DNA damage can lead to cancer, immunodeficiency and degenerative disease. Quantitating and understanding an individual's DNA repair capacity may enable us to predict and prevent disease …
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Recombination and Excision: DNA Repair Proteins in Prokaryotic Host-Virus Conflicts
… My thesis investigates how mechanisms of DNA repair, specifically recombination and base excision, have been co-opted by phages and bacteria to execute non-canonical immune and counter-immune functions in prokaryotic host-virus genetic conflicts. CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems, found …
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Mitotic homologous recombination at engineered repeats in S. cerevisiae and in novel transgenic mice
… an efficient means for repairing and tolerating DNA damage, mitotic recombination between misaligned sequences can lead to loss of genetic information (e.g. deletions, translocations and loss of heterozygosity). Given that such genetic changes may promote tumorigenesis, it is critical to identify …
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Significance of DNA base excision repair in the maintenance of mitochondrial function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae /
… phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Accumulation of mtDNA mutations have been linked to the development of respiratory dysfunction, apoptosis, and aging. Base excision repair (BER) is the major and the only certain repair pathway existing in mitochondria that is in responsible for removing and …
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The role of the human endonuclease VIII-like 1 and 3 in the repair of DNA replication blocking lesions
The endonuclease VIII family of DNA glycosylases initiate repair of oxidative DNA base damage through BER and have been shown to resolve DNA inter-strand crosslinks (ICLs), arising from exogenous agents. Human NEIL1 (hNEIL1) activity on psoralen generated mono-adducts (MAs) and three-stranded DNA …
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Regulation and activity of the 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase ROS1 contributes to DNA methylation patterning across development
DNA methylation patterning is a consequence of opposing activities of DNA methyltransferases and DNA demethylases. A 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase, ROS1, removes DNA methylation from the Arabidopsis genome. In flowering plants, two distinct female gametes, the egg cell and the central cell, are …
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Regulation of Active DNA Demethylation and its Role in Fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana
… the lifetime of the plant. Expression of the DNA demethylase REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1 (ROS1) is dependent upon this balance as well as perpetuating it, yet many aspects of the regulation of ROS1 remain unknown. In this work, I show that the downregulation of ROS1 in mutants of the RNA-directed …
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The Role of Metabolism and Epigenetics in Regulating Cellular Plasticity
… cells encode genetic information in the form of DNA. However within our genetic code, only a subset of these genes are expressed in a given cell—giving rise to different cell types. The regulation of what genes are expressed is dictated by epigenetics. Epigenetics is the punctuation of our …
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RESPONSE OF A NEIL1 DEFICIENT MURINE EPITHELIAL CELL LINE TO CHROMATE
DNA is constantly exposed to oxidants which can lead to nucleobase damage. Chromium is of particular interest as a DNA oxidant because of its abundance in the environment and the ease with which it can be taken into a cell. Chromate, Cr(VI), ions are taken up by a cell through relatively …
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RESPONSE OF A NEIL1 DEFICIENT MURINE EPITHELIAL CELL LINE TO CHROMATE
DNA is constantly exposed to oxidants which can lead to nucleobase damage. Chromium is of particular interest as a DNA oxidant because of its abundance in the environment and the ease with which it can be taken into a cell. Chromate, Cr(VI), ions are taken up by a cell through relatively …
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DNA Damage and Cell Death Mediated by Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitors: Role of UNG and SMUG1 DNA Glycosylase
… Alternatively, 5-FU metabolites can also cause DNA damage by direct incorporation into DNA or RNA. Incorporation of U and 5-FU activates the DNA glycosylase-initiated base excision repair (BER) in cells to remove the damaged base and replace it with a correct base (i.e. T). However, lack of …
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Defining the role of endonuclease VIII-like 1 and 3 in the repair of interstrand crosslinks in cancer cells
… from FA patients are unusually sensitive to DNA crosslinking agents and it is now known that FA cells lack one of twenty-two known different FA complementation group (FANC) proteins involved in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). More recently, two DNA glycosylases (endonuclease …
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Replication-associated base excision repair Of oxidized bases in the mammalian genome
… strand breaks and a plethora of base lesions in DNA that (except double-strand breaks) are repaired via the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. Four mammalian DNA glycosylases, namely, OGG1 and NTH1 in the Nth family, and NEIL1 and NEIL2 in the Nei family, with overlapping substrate range …
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Development of methods for the microbiome analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimens
… to the bacterial cellular structure and its DNA content, that a reliable method can be developed It is hypothesised here that with a sample-prep workflow considering the effects of FFPE on bacterial cells, their DNA content and the overall contamination introduced, a reliable and reproducible …