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Showing 1 to 16 of 16 for “"DNA damage tolerance."”.
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DNA damage tolerance and mutagenesis : the regulation of S. cerevisiae Rev1
DNA damage constantly challenges the integrity of genetic material during the lifetime of every cell. Accurate duplication of DNA and its proper transmission to a new cell are critical to avoid mutations or loss of genetic information that ultimately may cause altered cellular functions, cell …
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Regulation of DNA damage tolerance : studies of the translesion synthesis DNA ploymerase eta in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
All organisms must control the effects of DNA damage to protect the integrity of their genomes. In addition to DNA repair, this requires DNA damage tolerance pathways, which allow the continuation of essential processes in the presence of DNA damage. One such mechanism is translesion synthesis …
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Novel regulatory mechanisms of mutagenic translesion DNA synthesis : characterization of REV1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Cells are constantly subjected to DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources. Spontaneous DNA damage alone accounts for -30,000 DNA lesions per day in a mammalian cell. Cells are also exposed to an enormous variety of environmental agents that can cause a wide range of modified bases and …
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A novel role for the transcriptional modulator NusA in DNA repair/damage tolerance pathways in Escherichia coli
… organisms must contend with the consequences of DNA damage, induced by a variety of both endogenous and exogenous sources. Mechanisms of DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance are crucial for cellular survival after DNA damage. Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is one such mechanism of DNA damage …
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Rev7 is a novel regulator of chemotherapeutic response in drug-resistant lung cancer
… with chemotherapeutic agents that target and damage cellular DNA While genotoxic chemotherapies have proven to be highly effective agents for cancer therapy, it is well known that intrinsic and acquired cancer drug resistance is a problem that severely limits the successful elimination of a …
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Role of TLS Polymerases in Replication of DNA Lesions in Human Cells
… that threaten the integrity of the genome. DNA damage tolerance mechanisms, including translesion synthesis (TLS), alleviate this block at the expense of increasing mutagenesis. Minor groove DNA lesions result from lipid peroxidation or exposure to environmental pollutants. Prevalent among …
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DNA polymerase interactions and their role In translesion synthesis substitutions.
Translesion synthesis (TLS) is a DNA damage tolerance mechanism that allows DNA replication to continue after a high fidelity (HiFi) polymerase stalls at a lesion. Upon stalling, the HiFi polymerase must be substituted with a TLS polymerase. The reverse substitution must occur promptly after lesion …
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Genetic interactions of repriming and translesion synthesis
… It has been previously shown to restart DNA synthesis past replication impediments such as DNA damage or non-B-DNA secondary structures. To probe the genetic interactions of PRIMPOL, genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens were undertaken in the human TK6 cell line. The most interesting …
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Subcellular localization and visualization of RecA and ImuAʹ in mycobacteria
… assault. The potential target: mycobacterial DNA metabolism. For this, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of DNA repair and mutagenesis in mycobacteria is required. RecA and ImuAʹ are DNA damageinducible proteins implicated in DNA damage repair and tolerance in Mtb. RecA is a key …
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The role of UBZ1 in PCNA-dependent DNA damage response
… frequently must deal with several sources of damage that can alter the cell's genomic material. DNA damage can be caused by exogenous agents, like radiation and toxins or by endogenous factors, like Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), produced during normal oxygen metabolism. in order to guarantee …
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DNA crosslink repair safeguards genomic stability during pre-meiotic germ cell development
… endonuclease XPF-ERCC1 in Fanconi-mediated DNA crosslink repair during germ cell development in utero. Inactivation of Fanconi-mediated DNA repair results in an almost complete loss of gamete production in mice. This repair pathway is critical for the normal development of primordial germ …
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Disabling the intrinsic resistome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: elucidating hierarchies of DNA repair and mutagenesis that undermine current antibiotic efficacy
DNA damage repair mechanisms are critical to the adaptive evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as obligate human pathogen, including the emergence of drug-resistance during anti-tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapy. In experimental models, DnaE2-dependent translesion synthesis (TLS) and UvrB-dependent …
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Responses to transposon activity and genome damage during germline development
… responses to transposon activity and genome damage during germline development. I use a classic example of transposon-induced sterility in Drosophila, P-M hybrid dysgenesis, as a model. I show that excessive activity of the P-element transposon in embryonic primordial germ cells (PGCs) leads …
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Single-molecule studies of bacterial DNA replication and translesion synthesis
Faithful replication of genomic DNA is crucial for the survival of a cell. In order to achieve high-level accuracy in copying its genome, all cells employ replicative DNA polymerases that have intrinsic high fidelity. When an error occurs on the template DNA strand, in the form of lesions caused by …