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Showing 1 to 20 of 53 for “"DNA Polymerases"”.
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Novel function and regulation of mutagenic DNA polymerases in Escherichia coli
… dinB+ encode novel, low to moderate fidelity DNA polymerases with the ability to catalyze synthesis on imperfect DNA templates in a process termed translesion synthesis (TLS). Similar enzymes exist in nearly all organisms, constituting the Y-superfamily of DNA polymerases. Although DinB is the …
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Role of translesion DNA polymerases in mutagenesis and DNA damage tolerance in Pseudomonads
Kahjustused DNA-s, mis tekivad kas rakkude normaalse elutegevuse käigus või erinevate keskonnategurite mõjul (näiteks UV-kiirgus, DNA-d kahjustavad kemikaalid), pärsivad genoomi replikatsiooni, takistades replikatiivse DNA polümeraasi edasiliikumist. Pikaajaline replikatsiooni seiskumine võib …
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Lesion Bypass of N2-ethylguanine by the Human Y Family DNA Polymerases Iota and Kappa
… to test the hypothesis that the human Y family DNA polymerases have a biological function in the bypass of alkylation DNA damage. The lesion bypass properties of the Y family DNA polymerases ι and κ opposite the N2-ethylGua DNA adduct were studied using steady-state and rapid kinetics and …
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Solution Conformations and Structural Thermodynamics of Type I DNA Polymerases from Escherichia coli and Thermus aquaticus
The global conformations of DNA polymerase I from Thermus aquaticus (Taq/Klentaq) and E. coli (Pol I/Klenow) both in isolation and in complex with DNA have been examined in solution using hydrodynamic (analytical ultracentrifugation) and small/wide angle X-ray scattering techniques and then …
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DNA structural selectivity of binding by the Pol I DNA polymerases from Escherichia coli and Thermus aquaticus
… the thermodynamics of substrate selection by DNA Polymerase I is important for characterizing the balance between replication and repair for this enzyme <I>in vivo</I>. Due to their sequence and structural similarities, Klenow and Klentaq, the “large fragments” of the Pol I DNA polymerases …
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Translesion synthesis and mutations: On the mutagenic properties of the two DNA lesions, 8-oxo-G and Pt-GG, and the functions of Y-family DNA polymerases and Rev3L on the bypass of each of the DNA lesions in mammalian cells
I studied the capabilities of the two DNA lesions 8-oxo-guanine and cisplatin intrastrand crosslinked 1,2-d(GpG) or Pt-GG to cause mutations in mammalian cells. Using isogenic cell lines generated from mice with selective gene knockouts of distinct DNA polymerases as models, I deduced the …
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Biochemical and Genetic Studies on Origin Recognition and DNA Synthesis From the Mesophilic Archaeon Methanosarcina Acetivorans
… that DinB was able to synthesize through abasic DNA and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, and these activities were stimulated by the cognate PCNA. Fascinatingly, unlike most translesion DNA polymerases previously described, MacDinB synthesized an unusually long product (∼7.2 kb) in the presence …
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Single-molecule studies of bacterial DNA replication and translesion synthesis
Faithful replication of genomic DNA is crucial for the survival of a cell. In order to achieve high-level accuracy in copying its genome, all cells employ replicative DNA polymerases that have intrinsic high fidelity. When an error occurs on the template DNA strand, in the form of lesions caused by …
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Modifikuotų nukleotidų taikymas plataus masto nukleorūgščių analizei /
… (OTDDNs), with emphasis on labeling of DNA and cDNA molecules for high-throughput sequencing applications. It was demonstrated that OTDDNs are substrates for a range of DNA polymerases of families A, B, X and RT. By means of in vitro evolution we have selected T7 RNA polymerase mutant …
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The utility of modified nucleotides for high-throughput nucleic acid analysis /
… (OTDDNs), with emphasis on labeling of DNA and cDNA molecules for high-throughput sequencing applications. It was demonstrated that OTDDNs are substrates for a range of DNA polymerases of families A, B, X and RT. By means of in vitro evolution we have selected T7 RNA polymerase mutant …
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Structure-Guided Development of Antifungal Protein Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors and DNA Polymerase Engineering
… In the second study, an intein was inserted into DNA polymerases to produce temperature controlled enzymes. The intein controlled DNA polymerases only showed activities after intein splicing triggered by high temperature (>60oC), enabling the capability of conducting “hot-start” reactions by …
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The effect of oxidized guanines on DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase β
DNA replication is the fundamental biological task of duplicating genetic information for passing on to a daughter cell. DNA polymerases are the molecular machines that read the parent DNA strand and instruct the addition of correct corresponding nucleotides (also termed fidelity) to form a new DNA …
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Studio della subunità epsilon della DNA polimerasi III di Escherichia coli: stabilità e interazione con la subunità polimerasica
Faithful replication of DNA from one generation to the next is crucial for long-term species survival. Genomic integrity in prokaryotes, archaea and eukaryotes is dependent on efficient and accurate catalysis by multiple DNA polymerases. Escherichia coli possesses five known DNA polymerases (Pol). …
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Computational insights into the molecular basis for the replication of flexible tobacco-derived DNA lesions
DNA is damaged by many agents in the environment and this affects many cellular processes, including DNA replication. The present thesis uses a multiscale computational modeling approach to study the intrinsic conformational and base-pairing preferences of flexible O6-G and O2-T alkyl DNA lesions, …
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Investigation of Cdc45 function during helicase activation
Eukaryotic DNA replication requires the stepwise loading of Mcm2-7 helicase complexes at origins of replication. These loaded helicases need to be activated during DNA replication initiation to unwind the DNA double helix and provide a ssDNA template for replicative DNA polymerases. Eukaryotic …
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Studies of DNA repair and mutagenesis in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
… light (UV) to errors generated by their own DNA polymerases. To deal with these challenges, all organisms possess a range of DNA repair and damage tolerance systems. In bacteria, there exists an inducible response to DNA damage termed the SOS response, in which damage induces the expression …
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THE IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL INORGANIC CARBON SENSITIVE ENZYMES
… cyclases; the polymerase I family of prokaryotic DNA polymerases, the polymerase β family of DNA polymerases, and the guanylyl cyclases. Initial in vitro experiments performed on T7 RNA polymerase demonstrated a response to inorganic carbon, however, it was discovered that this was likely due to a …
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Novel regulatory mechanisms of mutagenic translesion DNA synthesis : characterization of REV1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Cells are constantly subjected to DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources. Spontaneous DNA damage alone accounts for -30,000 DNA lesions per day in a mammalian cell. Cells are also exposed to an enormous variety of environmental agents that can cause a wide range of modified bases and …
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The Impact of Nucleoside Sugar Modification on Biochemical DNA Transactions
Discrimination by DNA polymerases controls the fidelity of DNA replication, and reduced fidelity results in mutations essential in the etiology of cancer. Polymerase discrimination operates at both dNTP insertion and subsequent elongation steps, and involves several energetic and structural factors …
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