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Showing 1 to 19 of 19 for “"DNA Damage Responses"”.
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DNA Damage responses in plant stem cells
… escape environmental hazards, which induce DNA damage and cause mutations. Plants are also subject to DNA damage caused by endogenous processes such as transposon movement. Plant stem cell populations in particular must be protected from genotoxicity, as they are the origin of all organs, …
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DNA damage responses in the context of the cell division cycle
During my PhD, I have investigated aspects of the DNA damage response (DDR) in the context of three different cellular scenarios: DNA damage signalling in response to double-strand breaks during mitosis, coordination of DNA replication with DNA damage responses by regulation of the GINS complex, …
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Interrogating DNA replication stress and DNA damage responses via phenotypic and functional CRISPR/Cas9 screens
DNA double-strand breaks are believed to be one of the most cytotoxic DNA lesions, posing a constant threat for genome integrity and cell survival. Consequently, various DNA repair processes and pathways have evolved to deal with different DNA lesions and ensure genome stability. The tumour …
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1, Structural and Functional Studies of Human Replication Protein A; 2 DNA Damage Responses and DNA Repair Defects in Laminopathy-Based Premature Aging.
… of mammalian cells is under constant attack from DNA-damaging agents. To maintain genomic integrity, cells activate an array of pathways primarily consisting of DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoints. Human replication protein A (RPA), a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein, is essential for …
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Computational analysis of genomic data provides insight into cell sensitivity to BCNU-Induced DNA damage
The transcriptional response to DNA damage plays a critical role in cellular responses to exogenous stress, and is a key component of resistance to therapeutics in cancer cells. Understanding the underlying mechanisms, as well as the differences in DNA damage responses, between cell lines can have …
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Computational analysis of genomic data provides insight into cell sensitivity to BCNU-Induced DNA damage
The transcriptional response to DNA damage plays a critical role in cellular responses to exogenous stress, and is a key component of resistance to therapeutics in cancer cells. Understanding the underlying mechanisms, as well as the differences in DNA damage responses, between cell lines can have …
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Identification and Molecular Analysis of Dna In Exosomes
… functional cargo components, such as protein, DNA, and RNA. While protein and RNA exosome content has been extensively studied, very little work has been done to characterize exosomal DNA. Here, we demonstrate that exosomal DNA is heterogeneous and its packaging into exosomes is dependent on …
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Parp Inhibitor Upregulates Pd-L1 Expression and Enhances Cancer-Associated Immunosuppression
… cytotoxic effects against tumors with defects in DNA damage responses. However, whether a crosstalk between PARP inhibition and immune checkpoints exists remains unclear. Here, it has been shown that PARP inhibitors (PARPis) upregulate PD-L1 expression in multiple cancer cell lines, human …
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Post-Replicative Resolution of Under-Replication
… which result in a segment of unreplicated DNA, was modelled using high quality origin-mapping data in HeLa and IMR-90 cells. From this, hypotheses were generated that related an increase in unreplicated segments of DNA to reduced functional origin number. Presented in this thesis is the …
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Distinct functions of POT1 at telomeres.
… the end of the chromosome from sites of DNA damage and control cellular replicative potential. The loss of function of telomeres results in several biological consequences. First, dysfunctional telomeres elicit DNA damage responses and repair activities, which frequently induce …
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HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE ON HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS AND THEIR DIFFERENTIATED FIBROBLAST-LIKE PROGENIES
… To date, wide use of hESCs in cytotoxicity and DNA damage study has been restricted by technical limitations. One such limitation is from MEF feeder cells. Although MEF help maintain cultured hESCs in there undifferentiated status, they nevertheless become a form of contamination when pure …
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Environmental and Biotic Drivers of Seaweed–Bacterial Interactions: Insights into the Seaweed Holobiont
… key compounds, and genes associated with DNA damage responses, ribosomal assembly and cell cycle control were found to shift, implying detrimental consequences for the health of seaweeds under future temperature scenarios. Through combining ecological experiments with monitoring shifts in …
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Analyzing Genomic Studies and a Screen for Genes that Suppress Information Loss During DNA Damage Repair
… with the competition between different DNA damage responses. DNA is continuously damaged and imperfect repair can have extremely detrimental effects. Double strand breaks are the most severe form of damage and can be repaired in several different ways or countered by other cellular …
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A histone H4 code regulates 53BP1-mediated responses to DNA damage
… near double strand breaks are early events in DNA damage responses (DDR) that provide a platform for the assembly of downstream effectors. Since global levels of K20me2 are relatively stable and are established independently of DNA damage, we propose that reversible changes in the levels of …
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Genomic Instability and the Oncohistone H3K27M Drive Gliomagenesis in a Murine Model
… occurs at two broad stages; surveillance during DNA replication and DNA damage repair in differentiating and mature cells. Neural cells are particularly sensitive to DNA strand breaks and defective DNA damage responses can result in detrimental effects on the nervous system, including cancer. …
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Mechanisms That Ensure the Proper Terminal Structure of Mammalian Telomeres
… in nuclei. In addition, the induction of various DNA damage responses at telomeres, through the deletion of shelterin components, had no apparent effect on the chromatin organization of telomeres and did not cause overt eviction of nucleosomes from the telomere terminus. Next, I identified a role …
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Xenobiotic metabolism and markers of genotoxicity in regulatory non-vertebrate ecotoxicological test species
… even less information is available on the responses of lower animals and plants to such substances. In this study, the sub-lethal responses of the water flea Daphnia magna, and the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were investigated following exposure to known genotoxic substances. …
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Responses to transposon activity and genome damage during germline development
… remains poorly understood. This thesis examines responses to transposon activity and genome damage during germline development. I use a classic example of transposon-induced sterility in Drosophila, P-M hybrid dysgenesis, as a model. I show that excessive activity of the P-element transposon in …
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Novel Roles of Replication Protein A Phosphorylation in Cellular Response to DNA Damage
… protein A (RPA) is an eukaryotic single-stranded DNA binding protein directly involved in a variety of DNA metabolic pathways including replication, recombination, DNA damage checkpoints and signaling, as well as all DNA repair pathways. This project presents 2 novel roles of RPA in the cellular …