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Showing 1 to 20 of 64 for “"DBPs"”.
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Effect of pH and Temperature on Halogenated DBPs
… in drinking water. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are a group of chemical compounds formed from the reaction between natural organic matter and chemical disinfectants. The formation of DBPs in drinking water has caused serious health concerns since the discovery of trihalomethanes in …
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Critical review of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in fresh produce and process water
… to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which pose potential carcinogenic risks to human health. Despite the common use of disinfectants in produce processing and extensive research of DBPs in the drinking water field, studies investigating the DBP levels in fresh produce are quite …
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Characterization of Unregulated Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in Chloraminated Water and Estimation of Associated Health Risks
… matter (NOM) and form disinfection by-products (DBPs) that could be both cytotoxic and genotoxic. Four species of Trihalomethanes (THM4) and five species of haloacetic acids (HAA5) are the only two halogenated organic DBP classes regulated by US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Chloramine …
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The Occurrence and Control of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in Two Water Treatment Plants Utilizing the Same Source
<p>The influence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) on the operation and design of water treatment plants has been increasing since the early studies by Rook on trihalomethanes (THMs) (Stevens, 1977). Work conducted in the 1980s identified the existence of nonvolatile halogenated organics (non-THM …
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Navigating the Unregulated: A Multi-Tiered Public Health Risk Assessment of PFAS and N-DBPs Utilizing Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule Data
… and nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) are significant drivers of genotoxic and non-genotoxic health risks, primarily through the ingestion of drinking water containing these contaminants. While risk depends on individual chemical properties rather than broad classifications, the …
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Analysis and occurrence of disinfection by-products in fresh and salt water
… important toxic water disinfection by-products (DBPs) that the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulates in drinking water. Iodoacetic acids and halonitromethanes (HNMs) are the unregulated emerging DBPs that have been recently found in the disinfected drinking waters, and which have …
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Study on the formation of nitrogenous disinfection by products from the reaction between dichloroacetaldehyde and monochloramine
… of compounds known as disinfection by-products (DBPs) when chlorine unintentionally reacts with some constituents naturally occurring in source water. To prevent the negative health effects of chlorinated DBPs such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), regulations that stipulate …
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Drinking water disinfection by-products: toxicological impacts and biological mechanisms induced by individual compounds or as complex mixtures
… of drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs). Many DBPs are mutagenic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic. Studies on the molecular mechanisms of toxic effects induced by DBPs, and the overall toxicity of DBP complex mixtures are limited. The objectives of this …
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Distributed Bragg Pulse Shapers for Terahertz Modulation and Ultrafast Communications
The operation of the DBPS is modeled using coupled-mode theory, and a simulation of the device is presented that accurately reproduces observed data. The simulation is used to model pulse shapers with ideal characteristics. The magnitude and speed of the electrically induced refractive index …
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Chloramine and MIEX control of disinfection by-products formed from an alluvial aquifer water source
… The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) caused by disinfection become a main safety issue for the public health. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are two of the major classes in DBPs. In response to this potential health risk from DBPs, the EPA established a …
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Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Disinfection Byproduct Mixtures Formulated Using Free Chlorine and Monochloramine
… of drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs), but an emphasis on single compounds prevails. In this research, DBP mixtures were assessed using a cytotoxicity test with Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and an Ames fluctuation test with Salmonella typhimurium TA-98 and TA-100 with and …
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Drinking water disinfection by-products detection, formation and the precursors removal study
… of commonly found disinfection by-products (DBPs). Iodinated THMs and HAAs were observed after disinfection of water containing high level of iodide and are proved to be more toxic than their corresponding chlorinated and brominated species. In the presented dissertation, a novel rapid and …
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Reduction of Disinfection Byproduct-associated Toxicity by Adjustment of Distribution System pH
Nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) such as Haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloacetamides (HAMs) have come under scrutiny in recent years due to their high toxicity compared to currently regulated carbonaceous disinfection byproducts (C-DBPs). Lowering concentrations of N-DBPs in drinking …
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Development of a reverse osmosis/electrodialysis process to concentrate natural organic matter
… constituents to form disinfection by-products (DBPs). Each disinfectant produces a different range of DBPs. While toxicity effects of many individual DBPs have been studied, the effect of whole-mixtures of DBPs needs further investigation. The overall goal of this project is to develop and …
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Mechanisms of monohalogenated acetic acid induced genomic DNA damage
… a mixture of toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) as an unintended consequence. Since they were first discovered in 1974, over 600 individual DBPs have been detected in disinfected water. Exposure to DBPs is associated with increased risks for developing cancers of the colon, rectum, and …
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Comparative Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Drinking Water Disinfection by -Products
… of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the DBPs showed that brominated haloacetic acids were more genotoxic than their chlorinated analogs in mammalian cells. The difference in the responses to DBPs by bacterial and mammalian cells suggests that the relative risks based on Salmonella alone …
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Toxic effects on model mammalian cells by monohalogenated disinfection byproducts: haloacetic acids and haloacetonitriles
… chemicals called disinfection by-products (DBPs). While a number of individual DBPs have been found to be mutagenic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and developmentally toxic, the precise mechanisms of toxic action by DBPs is largely unknown. With the recent findings of …
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Disinfection by-products and prenatal development
… evidence for a causal relationship between DBPs and induction of adverse outcomes in humans. This may be due, in part, to biases inherent to exposure assessment or analytical methodologies used in past studies. This dissertation presents three approaches designed to develop and evaluate new …
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Formation of (halo)acetamides and (halo)acetonitriles from the reaction of monochloramine and (halo)acetaldehydes in water
… on selected disinfection by-products (DBPs) that include four trihalomethanes and five haloacetic acids. However, recent research suggests that unregulated nitrogen-containing DBPs formed by combined chlorine, such as haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides, might be more toxic than …
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Quantitative, Comparative Toxicity and Toxicogenomic Analyses of Nitrogenous Drinking Water Disinfection by-Products
… Drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) are an unintended consequence of a chemical reaction between natural and synthetic organic/inorganic materials in the source water and the particular disinfection method being utilized. Using calibrated microplate based mammalian cell assays …
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