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Showing 1 to 20 of 20 for “"D-amino acids"”.
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Characterization of endogenous D-amino acids in mammals via chiral separations
Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2024-05-01
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Measuring D-amino acids in the central nervous system using capillary electrophoresis
… their discovery in the central nervous system, D-amino acids (D-AAs) have drawn intense research interest because several of them are involved in signal transmission processes and brain development. However, a lack of appropriate analytical tools has prevented more refined studies to elucidate the …
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Methodological advances for the measurement of the D-amino acids across the metazoa: From mollusks to man
The amino acids are a class of biomolecules which is obligatory to terrestrial life, alongside nucleic acids, fatty acids and monosaccharides. The amino acids, with the exception of glycine, are chiral molecules which exist as either L- or D-amino acids. Although identical with regard to physical …
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Analysis of endogenous D-amino acids in the central nervous system and endocrine system via capillary electrophoresis with biochemical sample treatment
… Due to their unique chirality, endogenous D-amino acids are considered to play different roles from their corresponding L-isomers. In the central nervous system, a few D-amino acids have been found and they have increasingly gained research interest because their localization suggests …
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Characterization of the Broad-Spectrum Racemase, BsrF, in Vibrio fischeri
L-amino acids are used by all living organisms as the building blocks of proteins and are well characterized, while D-amino acid enantiomers are less common, and their roles are still being elucidated. Broad-spectrum racemases (Bsr), which have been found in several Bacteria and one Archaeon, can …
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Investigation and application of heterochiral proteins enabled by flow-based peptide synthesis
Natural proteins are comprised primarily of (L)-amino acids. (D)-amino acids are rare in protein structures. Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation enable the total chemical synthesis of proteins. Using these techniques, it is possible to design and study polypeptides …
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New bio-analytical separations utilizing chiral mobile phase additives in thin layer chromatography and chiral stationary phases in high performance liquid chromatography
… phase TLC for the resolution of several aromatic amino alcohols. Maltosyl-ß-CD and hydroxypropyl-ß-CD were employed as CMAs in reverse phase TLS. A study was conducted with hydroxypropyl-ß-CD to determine how the degree of substitution of a derivatized CD could effect development time, the …
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Amino acid racemase responsible for the biosynthesis of D-aspartate and D-serine signaling molecules in Aplysia californica central nervous system
ABSTRACT While dogma states that animals use L-amino acids, several D-amino acids have been found in animals including humans since the 1980s. Two D-amino acids have attracted significant research interests because of their cell-cell signaling functions in animal nervous systems. D-serine (D-Ser) …
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Characterization of D-amino acid-containing neuropeptides from metazoa
The predominance of left-handedness in amino acids and proteins in living organisms is well established. The presence of D-amino acids in the prokaryotes (e.g., bacterial cell wall and lantibiotics) has been considered exceptions to this rule. In the animal kingdom, proteins are thought to be more …
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Investigations of the Mechanism and Substrate Scope of the Enzymes Involved in Lantibiotic Biosynthesis
The subtilin prepeptide SpaS consists of 56 amino acids that includes five cysteine residues. This peptide is the substrate of the putative lantibiotic dehydratase, SpaB, and cyclase SpaC. The heterologously expressed and purified SpaS peptide was employed in assays with the purified SpaB and SpaC …
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Calmodulin and Calmodulin-Peptide Interactions: Structure, Energetics, and Dynamics
… peptide targets were synthesized with all D-amino acids and were found to bind calmodulin with similar affinity to their natural L counterparts. $\sp{15}$N-HSQC NMR spectra, however, revealed substantially different structural effects on CaM upon binding of D and L-smMLCK$\rm\sb{p}$ including …
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Analysis of D-amino acid-containing neuropeptides in mollusks and rodents
… are translated by ribosomes using exclusively L-amino acids. However, D-amino acids are present in animal peptides, first evidenced by dermorphin, an analgesic skin peptide in Phyllomedusa sauvagei. Dermorphin’s existence as a D-amino acid-containing peptide (DAACP) proved not to be a …
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Developing peptide-based inhibitors of amylin aggregation as a novel treatment for type 2 diabetes
… a retro-inverso peptide with L- replaced by D-amino acids. RI-IO8, however, significantly enhanced amylin fibril formation. Th-T experiments, Congo red assay and TEM revealed that two N-methylated versions of IO8, N1-IO8 (H2N-RGAmNFmLVmHGR-NH2) and N2-IO8 (H2N-RGANmFLmVHmR-NH2) significantly …
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Outer Membrane Vesicle Production in Escherichia coli Relieves Envelope Stress and is Modulated by Changes in Peptidoglycan
… vesiculation levels, as well as non-canonical D-amino acids, which are secreted by numerous bacteria on the onset of stationary phase, being a natural factor to increase OMV production. Furthermore, we discovered an inverse relationship between the concentration of Lpp-mediated, covalent …
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Metabolomics and chemical library screening for antibacterial drug discovery
There are twenty standard amino acids which are proteinogenic and can exist in two stereoisomeric forms, D- and L-enantiomers, except for glycine, which is achiral. The D-amino acids are not incorporated in proteins; however, they play important roles in many biological systems and processes. Amino …
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Identification of bacteria-regulated mechanisms for the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and development of upconverting nanoparticle (UCNP) luminescence imaging for the monitoring of gut bacteria
… of bacterial peptidoglycan with azido-D-amino acids and strained-cyclooctynes such as Dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) -functionalised UCNPs. We showed a proof of principle for both these approaches using a fluorescent dye, but we were not able to replicate it with UCNP. Preliminary data …
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Sources and Biochemical Composition of Detrital Organic Matter In theSea
… for organic carbon, organic nitrogen, D- and L-amino acids, neutral sugars and amino sugars. A high-throughput microwave-assisted vapor-phase hydrolysis method was developed to measure D- and L-amino acids in seawater samples. Bacterial detritus was a major component of particulate organic …
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Synthesis and Study of DL-2-Amino-4-Ethyloctanoic Acid
No abstract prepared.
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Effect of Photoperiod on Developmental Morphology and Enolase Isoenzyme Immunohistochemistry in Rat and Djungarian Hamster Superficial Pineal Glands
<p>The best understood functional activity of the pineal gland is its diurnal production of melatonin in response to environmental lighting cues. Several enzymes of the melatonin pathway respond to daily photoperiod changes, for example hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) and serotonin …