Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 19 of 19 for “"Cryptococcal"”.
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The neuroimmune response to cryptococcal infection
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a fatal fungal infection of the brain that is responsible for up to 20% of all AIDS-related deaths globally, 75% of which are from Sub-Saharan Africa. CM is characterised by debilitating neurological damage often resulting in death or serious longterm sequelae even …
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The impact of cryptococcal antigenaemia screening among patients attending King Dinuzulu Hospital
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's degree in Medical Laboratory and Clinical Sciences at the Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2022.
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Cryptococcal Meningitis in The Tropics: Defining the Problem and Refining the Management
… of adjunctive dexamethasone in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis, in 6 countries in Southeast Asia and Africa. This trial, which demonstrated harm from dexamethasone, is presented in detail in Chapter 6. To contextualize the trial, and to get a better sense of the burden of cryptococcal …
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Macrophage – cryptococcus interactions during cryptococcosis
… system. One of the major characteristics of cryptococcal disease is the ability of the pathogen to parasitise upon phagocytic effector cells. Cryptococcus can survive and proliferate within macrophages, and is also capable of escaping into the intracellular environment via a non-lytic …
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The Epidemiology, Outcomes, and Prevention of HIV-associated Meningitis in Southern Africa
… the impact and cost-effectiveness of preventing cryptococcal meningitis - the most common cause of meningitis we observed in Botswana - through cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening and targeted pre-emptive antifungal therapy for individuals with advanced HIV. In the first two studies (Chapters …
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Cell surface analysis of the basidiomycete yeast cryptococcus neoformans
… analysed. Experimentation and analysis employed cryptococcal cells of different strains, capsular status and culture age. Investigation of cellular charge by particulate microelectrophoresis revealed encapsulated yeast forms of C. neoformans manifest a distinctive negative charge regardless of …
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Comparative structural analysis of cytochrome P450 family CYP51 in the genus Cryptococcus
… in CYP51 confer fluconazole resistance on cryptococcal species. Despite the importance of CYP51 in these species, genome data mining, annotation and phylogenetic analysis of CYPs has not been reported. Furthermore, few studies on the structural analysis of CYP51 and its interactions with …
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Identification and Characterization of a Xylosylphosphotransferase of Cryptococcus neoformans
… nucleotide sugar UDP-xylose, are necessary for cryptococcal virulence. An assay to detect xylosyltransferase activity was developed in the laboratory using a radiolabeled UDP-xylose donor, a dimannose acceptor, and protein fractions from C. neoformans as the source of enzymatic activity. Using …
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Cognitive outcomes in adults with HIV-associated Tuberculous Meningitis
… in adults in South Africa (1-3), second only to cryptococcal meningitis in studies of microbiologically confirmed meningitis, and accounting for 28% of cases in one (1). Conventional diagnostic tests for TBM are, however, relatively insensitive, and the true incidence is likely to be …
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Responses to Antifungal and Alkaline pH Stress in Human Fungal Pathogens
… there are limited treatment options for cryptococcal infections. Researchers have been working toward identifying drugs that inhibit fungal-specific processes, such as the echinocandins, which target the synthesis of the fungal cell wall component β-1,3-glucan. However, C. neoformans is …
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The management of post-infectious hydrocephalus in people living with HIV: a prospective observational study
… were noted as tuberculous in 78.3% (n=18) and cryptococcal in 21.7% (n=5). Overall survival at discharge was 69,9% (n=16) and 47.8% (n=11) at 12 months follow up. Functional outcomes expressed as mRS, resembled the survival data, showing favourable outcomes at 12 months within the survival …
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Characterisation of the Virulence and Determinants of Virulence of <i>C. Neoformans</i> var.<i>grubii</i> Genotypes from HIV Infected and Uninfected Patients in Vietnam
… is the main cause of life-threatening cryptococcal meningitis worldwide, especially in individuals with underlying immunosuppressive conditions such as HIV infection. In contrast to its sister species <i>C. gattii</i> which is now considered a primary human pathogen, <i>C. …
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The emergence of cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia : veterinary aspects
… infection, defined as the presence of cryptococcal antigen in the bloodstream in the absence of clinical symptoms, was identified in a small number of dogs and cats. Fourteen months of follow-up testing of asymptomatic animals revealed that animals can progress to clinical disease, …
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The <i>C. neoformans</i> Cell Wall: A Scaffold for Virulence
… and the causative agent of life threatening cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals, resulting in ~180,000 deaths each year worldwide. A primary virulence-associated trait of this organism is the production of melanin. Melanins are a class of diverse pigments …
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Development and evaluation of amphotericin B Loaded iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to systemic fungal infections
… invasive fungal infections (IFIs) such as cryptococcal meningitis was designed, developed, characterized, and evaluated. To address the development processes, first, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) (34-40 nm) coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), loaded and targeted with amphotericin B …
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Survival of South-African HIV infected patients
… ); intermediate for oesophageal candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, kaposi sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (45%) ; and poorest for the HIV wasting syndrome, AIDS-dementia complex and performance status 4 (20%). Despite the overall poor prognosis associated with the acquired …
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Sex in Cryptococcus: Signaling, Mating-type Locus Evolution and Gene Silencing
… neoformans, the pathogen that causes cryptococcal meningitis and cryptococcosis, sex has been associated with virulence. To further understand how sex is genetically regulated in C. neoformans, we focused our studies on the evolution of the MAT locus and molecular dissection of the …
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Unraveling the genetic determinants of virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes meningitis, primarily in patients who are immunocompromised. It is most common in populations with advanced HIV disease in low- and middle-income countries, especially in sub–Saharan Africa, South America, and southeast Asia. Even with …
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Examination of the Molecular Epidemiology, Expansion, Population Structure, and Virulence of the Emerging Fungal Pathogen,<italic>Cryptococcus gattii</italic> in the United States
… Washington state. Given that >1,000,000 cases of cryptococcal infection and >620,000 attributable mortalities occur annually in the context of the global AIDS pandemic, our findings suggest a significant burden of <italic>C. gattii</italic> infection in AIDS patients may be unrecognized, with …