Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 26 for “"Chromosome structure"”.
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3D chromosome structure and chromatin proteomics
… by, highly organized three-dimensional (3D) chromosome structures. The first part of the work presented here describes the generation of 3D chromosome regulatory landscape maps of human naive and primed embryonic stem cells. To create these 3D chromosome regulatory landscape maps, genome-wide …
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Probing Mitotic Chromosome Structure and Arrangement Using Micromanipulation
… muntjak), has the lowest known diploid chromosome number (seven in the male) for a mammal. Mitotic chromosomes can be removed from cells either by extraction with microneedles or by inducing chromosome expulsion with a drop of silicone oil applied to the cell. The entire diploid …
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Computational tools for modeling and measuring chromosome structure
DNA conformation within cells has many important biological implications, but there are challenges both in modeling DNA due to the need for specialized techniques, and experimentally since tracing out in vivo conformations is currently impossible. This thesis contributes two computational projects …
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Mitotic regulators and their effects on Drosophila : chromosome structure during development
… the genome. These cells show diversity in their chromosome structure; at one extreme, the sister chromatids are separate (polyploid) and at the other extreme, the sisters are held together (polytene). The endocycle itself can be modified and these variations are speculated to correlate with the …
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MET-2 and SET-25 have sexually dimorphic effects on chromosome structure in Caenorhabditis elegans
… the formation of haploid gametes. During meiosis chromosomes undergo two successive segregation events. Homologous chromosomes segregate in meiosis I and the sister chromatids subsequently segregate in meiosis II, leading to the production of egg and sperm with half the number of chromosomes of …
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Identification and Characterization of Hells-CDCA7, a Nucleosome Remodeling Complex Required for Mitotic Chromosome Structure
<p>The major components of mitotic chromosomes including histones, topoisomerase II and condensin are known to compact and shape the chromatin into rod-like chromatids. However, a complete picture of the proteins involved in shaping mitotic chromatin is unsettled. Here, I perform mass spectrometry …
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Investigating the mitotic roles of Topoisomerase 2 Alpha and Topoisomerase 2 Beta-Binding Protein 1 in the maintenance of chromosome structure and genome stability
… repair and recombination, but also in chromosome compaction and segregation during mitosis. In vertebrates, two isoforms of type IIA topoisomerase exist: topoisomerase 2 alpha (TOP2A) and topoisomerase 2 beta (TOP2B). Most differences reside in the C-terminal regions, which are crucial …
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Analyzing large-scale chromatin fiber via studying cytology of DNA replication and in vivo immunogold labeling
The structure of interphase chromosomes remains elusive after decades of research by using chemical, physical and biological methods. Although large-scale interphase chromatin has been observed repeatedly, its high-order compaction level is hard to reconcile with its active biological functions, …
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Evidence that the Boundary Element-Associated Factors BEAF-32A and BEAF-32B affect chromatin structure in Drosophila melanogaster
… BEAF-32B bind to hundreds of loci on Drosophila chromosomes. These proteins function as insulators; they can prevent promoter activation by an enhancer when placed between them and protect transgenes from chromosomal position effects. To gain insight into BEAF function we designed and expressed a …
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Investigation of the cytogenetics of marine and terrestrial gastropods
… that there are inter-populational differences in chromosome structure. The differences fall within the range found previously in several widespread populations in the British Isles, Northern Europe and America. There are no immediately obvious variations in chromosome structure associated with …
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Pressure Treatment of Polytene Chromosomes and Computer Vision Techniques for High Resolution Cytogenetic Studies
… interphase chromatin organization in polytene chromosomes has made Drosophila the premier model organism for analysis of chromosome structure and behavior. A major impediment to full exploitation of polytene chromosome cytology has been the difficulty in producing high quality chromosome …
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Chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera
… all animals, plants and fungi is organised into chromosomes. While each species tends to have a fixed number of chromosomes in their genome, chromosome numbers vary widely across the tree of life. Changes in chromosome number occur due to rearrangements, such as the fusion and fission of …
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Dynamics of Genome Organization
… with diameter ~10μm. The three-dimensional structure of this packing has been the subject of intense investigation essentially since the discovery of DNA itself, with an explosion of the field over the past 15 years, following the advent of chromosome conformation capture techniques. The …
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Optimization of Cytogenetic and Physical mapping of Culicinae genomes
Understanding chromosome structure and genome organization of Culicine mosquitoes can potentially contribute to the development of novel approaches to vector control. However, because of highly repetitive nature of the Aedes and Culex genomes, the structure of their polytene chromosomes is damaged …
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Higher Order Chromosome Organization and Recombination Dynamics of Meiotic Prophase I In Mouse Spermatocytes
<p>Meiotic recombination is required for parental chromosomes to find each other (pairing/synapsis) and to exchange genetic information thus allowing faithful segregation of chromosomes and the production of haploid gametes. At the start of meiotic prophase I, meiotic chromosomes organize into loop …
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A role for the Bacillus subtilis Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (BsSMC) protein in chromosome organization and compaction
All cells must compact their chromosomes in order for the DNA to fit inside the cell or nucleus. In Bacillus subtilis, and other bacteria, replication occurs simultaneously with the organization, compaction and segregation of newly duplicated chromosomal regions. My work indicates that the B. …
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A study of acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase in the fetal mouse brain and a study of the effects of three teratogens, vitamin A, cyclophosphamide and sodium valproate on the fetal mouse central nervous system
… enzyme activity, cell number, mitotic index and chromosome structure in the 81h blastocyst; (ii) the influence of vitamin A on C3H fetal mouse brain proteins using high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis; and (iii) the effects of cyclophosphamide and vitamin A on cephalic DNA damage …
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Mitotic Dynamics of Normally and Mis-attached Chromosomes and Post-mitotic Behavior of Missegregated Chromosomes
… and kinetochores (KTs), specialized protein structures that assemble on each chromatid of each mitotic chromosome. By combining computational modeling and quantitative light microscopy, we established a quantitative model of the forces and regulators controlling metaphase chromosome movement …
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