Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 21 for “"Chromosome instability"”.
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SMYD3: A PLAYER IN STEMNESS AND CHROMOSOME INSTABILITY IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
La metilasi delle lisine SMYD3 risulta essere over espressa in diversi tipi di tumore, e legata alla transizione epitelio-mesenchimale (EMT) (1). Inoltre, le cellule staminali del cancro (CSCs) sono cellule iniziatrici del tumore importanti nella formazione di metastasi e correlate all’EMT (2). Il …
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RADIATION-INDUCED CHROMOSOME INSTABILITY AND INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION: THE ROLE OF DOSE RATE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CARCINOGENESIS
… (NTE) including radiation-induced genomic instability (RIGI), genomic instability being a known enabling characteristic of cancer, may crucially contribute to the overall outcome. RIGI can induce delayed mutations, chromosomal damage and micronucleus formation in the progeny of cells many …
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Exposure, telomere length, and cancer risk
… repeats of TTAGGG at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres play a key role in chromosome stability and regulation of the cellular lifespan. Telomeres are shortened during cell division, and probably, by not yet well characterised factors in the environment. Short telomeres in …
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Investigation of the role of chromosome missegregation in embryo development and in tumorigenesis
… that progeny cells receive the correct number of chromosomes. The spindle assembly checkpoint prevents chromosome missegregation by arresting the cell before sister chromatid separation if any one chromatid is not properly attached to the spindle microtubules. Defects in chromosome segregation …
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An in vivo evaluation of aneuploid hematopoietic stem cell fitness
… yeast, mouse and human cells harboring one extra chromosome have demonstrated that aneuploid cells show a number of common phenotypes in vitro, notably decreased proliferation. However, the precise role of aneuploidy in cancer has yet to be elucidated, in part due to lack of systematic in vivo …
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Computational Analysis of Genome-Wide DNA Copy Number Changes
… in cancer research. Most tumors exhibit genomic instability at chromosome scale as a result of dynamically accumulated genomic mutations during the course of tumor progression. Such higher level cancer genomic characteristics cannot be effectively captured by the analysis of individual genes. We …
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Prevalence and prevention of large-scale somatic copy number alterations
… on the order of megabases, as occurs with sub-chromosome copy number variants (CNVs) or whole-chromosome aneuploidy, is almost always associated with embryonic lethality or severe disease. However, while large-scale genomic imbalance has adverse consequences at the organismal level, both CNVs …
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Molecular Recognition At Dna Damage Sites
… Merit40 mutation exacerbated ICL induced chromosome instability in the context of concomitant Brca2 deficiency. These findings define specific functional interactions between the RAP80 complex dependent ubiquitin recognition and the FA-BRCA ICL repair network. As destabilization of the …
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The Origin of Genome Instability in Cancer: Role of the Fragile Site Gene Product FHIT
… Most cancers exhibit remarkable genomic instability, defined as an elevated rate of genetic mutation at the single nucleotide and chromosome levels. Genomic instability is a facilitating hallmark of cancer in that it raises the probability of generating cancer-promoting mutations. …
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Investigating mitotic vulnerabilities that arise upon oncogenic cell transformation
… cells must accurately divide their duplicated chromosomes into two new daughter cells. This process is highly regulated and much of this regulation is centered around kinetochores. Kinetochores are large proteinaceous structures built upon centromeric heterochromatin that must form stable, …
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Molecular bases underlying chromosome fragility at Replication Slow Zones in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Chromosome rearrangements such as translocations and deletions are frequently associated with human cancers. Such rearrangement of the chromosome can be initiated by a DNA break (DSB) that, when inappropriately repaired, may alter chromosome structure. Mammalian common fragile sites are the …
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Pathways of NHEJ at Dysfunctional Telomeres and Their Resolution
… complex that prevents DNA damage signaling at chromosome ends. In its absence, DNA repair pathways are activated that can promote the fusion of dysfunctional telomeres resulting in chromosomal instability. The work presented here aims to understand how telomeres are protected from these …
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Investigating aneuploidy's role in cancer cell fitness under various conditions of stress
The gain or loss of whole chromosomes, known as aneuploidy, is a distinguishing feature of cancer cells. The rapid gain or loss of hundreds of genes dramatically alters a cell's genomic landscape and is typically detrimental to cell survival under normal conditions. However, cancer cells display …
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The structure and evolution of breast cancer genomes
Chromosome changes in the haematological malignancies, lymphomas and sarcomas are known to be important events in the evolution of these tumours as they can, for example, form fusion oncogenes or disrupt tumour suppressor genes. The recently described recurrent fusion genes in prostate and lung …
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Detection and Characterization of Multilevel Genomic Patterns
… change detection methods. We also propose a chromosome instability measure to summarize the extracted copy number changes for assessing chromosomal instabilities of tumor genomes. The proposed measure demonstrates distinct patterns between different subtypes of ovarian serous carcinomas and …
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Effects of Graphene Oxide in vitro on DNA Damage in Human Whole Blood and Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Healthy individuals and Pulmonary Disease Patients: Asthma, COPD, and Lung Cancer
… (DNA damage) and cytogenetic effects (chromosome aberration parameters) induced by GO NMs on human whole blood from healthy individuals and patients were studied using the Alkaline Comet Assay and Cytokinesis-blocked Micronucleus (CBMN) assay, respectively. Our results showed …
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Effects of Graphene Oxide in vitro on DNA Damage in Human Whole Blood and Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Healthy individuals and Pulmonary Disease Patients: Asthma, COPD, and Lung Cancer
… (DNA damage) and cytogenetic effects (chromosome aberration parameters) induced by GO NMs on human whole blood from healthy individuals and patients were studied using the Alkaline Comet Assay and Cytokinesis-blocked Micronucleus (CBMN) assay, respectively. Our results showed …
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Kinetochore-derived Microtubules: from Molecular Regulation to their Role in Mitosis
… genetic integrity in cell division, replicated chromosomes must be segregated accurately into newly formed daughter cells. The faithful segregation of sister chromatids is a crucial event in cell proliferation since it ensures maintenance of a stable set of chromosomes that is critical for the …
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Biomarkers of Genome Instability and Disease Progression in Ovarian Cancer
… variants driven by extreme chromosomal instability (CIN). Importantly, CIN is a key mediator of clonal diversity which fuels the development of treatment resistance. An increased understanding of underlying mechanisms and mutational processes causing CIN in HGSOC is therefore critical to …
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The chronic response to centrosome loss-induced cell cycle exit
The centrosome is a membrane-less organelle which primarily functions as a microtubule organising centre in eukaryotic cells, to allow normal progress through the cell cycle. While centrosome amplification in the absence of p53 is a well-established feature of cancers, more recently centrosome loss …
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