Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 52 for “"Chromatids"”.
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Studies of Aurora and Polo Kinases During Cell Division in C. elegans
… of chromosome cohesion. In mitosis, sister chromatids are linked by chromosome cohesion until the proteolysis of the cohesion Scc1 by separase triggers the separation of sister chromatids at anaphase. Chromosome dynamics during meiosis are more complex, as homologous chromosomes separate in …
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Mechanisms for maintaining genomic integrity during chromosome segregation in budding yeast
… inhibit unequal exchange between sister chromatids. This complex is released during anaphase, during which Lrs4 and Csml localize to kinetochores, where they play a role in mitotic chromosome segregation. Although their role in meiotic chromosome Here we show that Lrs4 and Csml …
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Human chromosomes: structure, abnormalities and birth defects
… reveals identical lateral bands in sister chromatids when stained with Quinacrine mustard or Giemsa-trypsin. A hybrid of these two methods produces banding patterns which are different in sister chromatids yet may be repeated in homologous chromatids. A case study is presented in which a …
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Preventing aneuploidy and the consequences of failure
… segregate to opposite poles, whereas sister chromatids segregate in meiosis II. A failure to segregate chromosomes correctly in either division results in offspring having an incorrect chromosome number: a condition called aneuploidy. Aneuploidy has been associated with several developmental …
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Meiosis-specific Regulation of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex
… homologous chromosomes separate, whereas sister chromatids segregate during the second meiotic division without an intervening round of DNA replication. Both rounds of chromosome segregation are triggered by an ubiquitin ligase called the Anaphase-Promoting Complex or Cyclosome (APC/C). …
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Regulation of Sister Chromatid by the Acetyltransferase Naa50
… cycle, sister-chromatid cohesion tethers sister chromatids together from S phase to the metaphase-anaphase transition and ensures accurate chromosome segregation of chromatids into daughter cells. N-terminal acetylation is one of the most prevalent protein covalent modifications in eukaryotes and …
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Regulation of meiosis I chromosome segregation by Spol3 and Cdc5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
… each other and in the second division the sister chromatids separate. These two consecutive meiotic divisions necessitate innovations in chromosome dynamics and hence the involvement of both meiosis-specific modulators and regulators of the mitotic cell cycle. The work described herein …
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Mitotic regulators and their effects on Drosophila : chromosome structure during development
… chromosome structure; at one extreme, the sister chromatids are separate (polyploid) and at the other extreme, the sisters are held together (polytene). The endocycle itself can be modified and these variations are speculated to correlate with the observed differences in chromosome structure. In …
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REGULATION OF CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION BY CONSERVED PHOSPHATASE CDC14 AND KINASE CDC5
… between the duplicated chromosomes (sister chromatids) and their bi-orientation on the mitotic spindle. Chromosome segregation initiates only after each sisters pair is correctly aligned onto the microtubules emanating from the spindle poles. Next, Esp1-mediated cleavage of cohesin is …
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Separase cleaves the kinetochore protein Meikin to direct the meiosis I/II transition
… are segregated in meiosis I, but sister chromatids are segregated in meiosis II, this requires a dramatic rewiring of the cell division machinery between the two divisions. How meiotic cells coordinate this rapid and substantial change to the cell division machinery is a central mystery …
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The Multifunctional Kinase Bub1 Acts as a Signaling Hub for the Spindle Checkpoint
… checkpoint signal. The separation of the sister chromatids and the progression from metaphase to anaphase requires the activation of an ubiquitin E3 ligase, anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C). Cdc20 is the mitosis-specific APC/C activator. The spindle checkpoint prevents premature …
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Human cohesin dynamics and their regulation in M and S phase
… canonical role is to hold the two copies (sister chromatids) of each chromosome together from the time of their generation in S phase until their separation in M phase, thus ensuring the fidelity of mitosis. The complex mediates this so-called cohesion by topologically embracing the sister …
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Kinetochore-Microtubule interface: analyses of Ndc80-Dam1 Interactions
… requires the proper segregation of sister chromatids to opposite poles of the dividing cell. Proper chromosome segregation can only occur when microtubules capture kinetochores and align sister chromatids on the mitotic spindle. Initially kinetochores interact with the lateral surface of a …
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Investigating R gene evolution by meiotic recombination using synthetic gene clusters in Arabidopsis
… chromosomes (homozygous lines) or sister chromatids (hemizygous lines). In contrast to published somatic recombination frequencies using a different reporter gene system, no statistically significant difference of meiotic unequal crossing over was observed between homo- and hemi-zygous …
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Meiotic regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases
… homologous chromosomes segregate, while sister chromatids remain together. Determining how this unusual chromosome segregation behavior is established is central to understanding germ cell development. Here we show that preventing microtubule-kinetochore interactions during premeiotic S phase …
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Quantitative Analysis of the Structural Dynamics of Mitotic Chromosomes in Live Mammalian Cells
… Single chromosome measurements revealed that chromatids compact in anaphase by a mechanism of lengthwise shortening that starts only after segregation of the sister chromatids is complete. This axial shortening was not affected in condensin-depleted cells, and was independent of the poleward …
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Regulation of the spindle checkpoint by Mad2 binding proteins
… by delaying anaphase until all sister chromatids form proper bipolar attachments to the mitotic spindle. Spindle checkpoint proteins localize to unattached or maloriented kinetochores in mitosis and generate a signal that prevents dissolution of sister chromatid cohesion. Checkpoint …
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Localization studies of sister-chromatid cohesion proteins MEI-S332 and RAD21 in Drosophila
… This physical attachment between sister chromatids is established during DNA replication, maintained throughout mitosis and released at the metaphase-anaphase transition. In meiosis, sister-chromatid cohesion is released along the chromosome arms in the first meiotic division, but …
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase regulation and function during meiosis
… results in the premature separation of sister-chromatids during meiosis I.
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Chromosome dynamics during cell divisions in Drosophila melanogaster: The role of Rad21 in meiotic cohesion and dynamic analysis of the condensin subunit CapG in early embryonic mitotic divisions
… a pair of cylindrical structures called sister chromatids, which remain connected until anaphase onset by residual sister chromatid cohesion in their centromeric regions. The compaction process is known as chromosome condensation, which is a prerequisite for accurate segregation of sister …
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