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Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 46 for “"Centrosomes"”.
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Identification of centrosomal proteomes using COMPACT, a novel tool for purification of centrosomes
Centrosomes are small cytoplasmic organelles that play a critical role in multiple cellular processes; from mitotic spindle assembly and cell division, to cell migration, invasion and polarity. The human centrosome consists of two cylindrical structures known as centrioles, decorated at their …
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The evolution of centrosome and chromosome number in newly formed tetraploid human cells
… also confer cells with double the number of centrosomes, the small membraneless organelle that organizes the cell's microtubule cytoskeleton and mitotic spindle apparatus. Centrosome number homeostasis is crucial for health, and recent studies have shown inducing extra centrosomes in cells …
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Regulation of Mitotic Spindle Assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryos
… with the PP2A enzyme and recruits it to centrosomes. The centrosome binding of PP2A furthermore requires the new protein RSA-2 as well as the core centrosomal protein SPD-5 and is based on a hierarchical protein-protein interaction pathway. When PP2A is lacking at centrosomes after …
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Centrosomin Self-Assembly and Centrosomal Protein Recruitment
Centrosomes, the major microtubule organizing centers in animal cells, are important for mitotic spindle formation. Normally, each cell has two centrosomes which migrate to opposite sides of the nuclear envelope prior to entry into mitosis. Centrosomin (Cnn) is a major centrosomal protein that is …
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The effect of spindle geometry on the establishment of merotelic kinetochore attachment and chromosome mis-segregation
… Specifically, cancer cells possess supernumerary centrosomes, which lead to the assembly of multipolar spindles during early mitosis when attachments between kinetochores and microtubules are forming. Supernumerary centrosomes facilitate the formation of merotelic attachments, in which a single …
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Characterising the function of CDK5RAP2 in the vertebrate centrosome
… revealed a function for CDK5RAP2 in attaching centrosomes to mitotic spindle poles. Centrosome attachment to spindle poles is mediated by a binding partner of CDK5RAP2, AKAP450. AKAP450 also localises to centrosomes and provides anchorage sites for spindle poles in the centrosome. Disruption of …
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The dual use of cohesin and its protector Sgo1 contributes to the choreography of the chromosome and the centrosome cycle
Supernumerous centrosomes cause chromosome mis-segregation and genomic instability, thereby likely contributing to the development of cancer. Centrosome duplication in S phase requires the preceding licensing step in late mitosis/early G1 phase, centriole disengagement. Reminiscent of the control …
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The Non-canonical Function and Regulation of TBK1 in the Cell Cycle
… in certain cancer types and is activated on the centrosomes during mitosis. Loss of TBK1 impairs cell division resulting in growth defects and the accumulation of multinucleated cells. Therefore, proper activation and localization of TBK1 are essential for mitotic progression. Yet, the upstream …
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Production of recombinant monoclonal antibodies against HSET
… cell division. Since cancer cells with extra-centrosomes could lead to multi-polar division, resulting in genomic instability and cell death, these cancer cells depend on the centrosome clustering activity of HSET that helps normal chromosome segregation by focusing several centrosomes into …
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Mathematical modeling of biological dynamics
… that guide the separation and/or clustering of centrosomes. Our model identifies key biophysical factors that play a critical role in achieving robust spindle bipolarization, when centrosomes initially organize a monopolar or multipolar spindle. These factors encompass force fluctuations between …
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Control of Chromosome Segregation by the Aurora B Complex
… around M-phase chromatin. In cells lacking centrosomes, such as those found in female meiosis, chromosomes themselves nucleate and stabilize microtubules in order to promote accurate spindle formation. Here we present a description of the composition and function of the vertebrate …
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Towards the understanding of pericentriolar satellite biology
… component, PCM1. To eliminate contamination by centrosomes, the PS proteome was determined from wild-type cells as well as from two cell lines genetically engineered to lack centrosomes. Mass spectrometry identified 170 PS components including most of the previously described PS proteins, …
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Regulation of microtubule attachment at the kinetochore and cell cortex
… including the chromosomes, kinetochores, centrosomes, and the microtubule cytoskeleton that forms the mitotic spindle. To assemble the mitotic spindle, the two centrosomes radially nucleate dynamic microtubules that make important connections with kinetochores and the cell cortex. …
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Functional analyses of microtubule and centrosome-associated proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum
… recruit the TACC-binding XMAP215 protein to centrosomes or spindle poles. By contrast, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analyses conducted in this study demonstrate that in Dictyostelium recruitment of CP224 to centrosomes or spindle poles is not perturbed in the absence of …
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Structural and Functional Analysis of the Protein Network Controlling Centriole Biogenesis
Centrosomes function as microtubules organising centres in mitosis or as basal bodies in cilia and flagella formation. The duplication of centrioles, which are at the core of each centrosome, is tightly regulated and occurs only once per cell cycle, which allows for correct segregation of …
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The Effects of RHAMM on Cell Division, Cell Motility, and Tumorigenesis
… RHAMMΔ163 binds to the mitotic spindle and centrosomes via a C-terminal leucine zipper; these interactions are predicted to regulate genomic stability and cell polarity and proposed to account for the oncogenic function of RHAMMΔ163. We hypothesized that RHAMM leucine zipper maintains …
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Structural and Molecular Mechanisms of Centrosome Assembly and Strength
The outermost layer of centrosomes, called pericentriolar material (PCM), organizes microtubules for mitotic spindle assembly. The molecular interactions that enable PCM to assemble and resist external forces are poorly understood. To answer such question, we use cross-linking mass spectrometry …
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The Role of LIM Kinase 1 and its Substrates in Cell Cycle Progression
… Phosphorylated LIMK1 is recruited to the centrosomes during early prophase, where it colocalizes with ?-tubulin. Here, we report a novel functional cooperativity between Aur-A and LIMK1 through mutual phosphorylation. LIMK1 is recruited to the centrosomes during early prophase and then to …
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Spindle organization in three dimensions
… for models of microtubule interactions with centrosomes Third, spindle assembly was studied in female meiosis. Specifically, the role of the microtubule severing complex katanin in spindle organization was analyzed. Electron tomography reveals fragmentation of spindle microtubules and …
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Regulation of mitotic spindle biogenesis in budding yeast
… pole body or SPB in yeast), separation of sister centrosomes and microtubule dynamics. Activation of Cdc28 (Cdk1) by tyrosine-19 dephosphorylation is essential for centrosome separation, the first step in bipolar spindle formation. In this study, we have investigated the regulatory role of Cdk1 in …
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