Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 22 for “"Cell cortex"”.
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Regulation of microtubule attachment at the kinetochore and cell cortex
During mitosis, the cell divides in two, evenly distributing the genetic material and splitting the rest of cellular contents between the resulting daughter cells. This process is essential, rapid, and complex, requiring precise timing and the collaboration of many proteins. Mistakes made during …
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Establishing and Maintaining Cortical Asymmetry in <i>Drosophila</i> Neural Stem Cells
… is a conserved process by which differential cell fate can be acquired upon cell division. In this thesis we investigate how the asymmetric localisation of fate determinants is achieved in Drosophila neuroblasts (NBs, Neural Stem Cells). In particular we focus on the localisation of the fate …
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The identification of the Tao-1 kinase as a key regulator of microtubule dynamics
In a multicellular animal, the different functions of cells are dependent on their diversity of shapes. Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation play an important role in altering the cell shape in response to internal and external signals. In this study I focused on all kinases to explore the …
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Identification and Analysis of A Novel Role For The to usled-Like Kinase In Regulating Mitotic Spindle Dynamics
… of kinase activity is one example of how cells become cancerous by evading evolutionary constraints. The Tousled kinase (Tsl) was initially identified in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana </em>as a developmentally important kinase. There are two mammalian orthologues of Tsl and one orthologue in …
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Immunological Characterization of Membrane Skeletal Proteins in "Tetrahymena pyriformis" GL
The cell cortex (or pellicle) of "Tetrahymena" is composed of three closely associated layers: the cell membrane, the alveolar sacs, and the epiplasm. The epiplasm is the innermost layer of the cortex and is thought to be analogous to the membrane skeleton found in eukaryotic cells, since it …
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Mechanisms of Asymmetric Protein Localization in Drosophila Embryonic Neural Stem Cells
… lines and testing candidate gene involved in cell polarity, we identified lethal giant larvae (lgl) and discs large (dlg) to play key roles in the basal targeting of Prospero and Miranda. In embryonic and larval neuroblasts of lgl and dlg mutants, all basal targeted proteins become uniformly …
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The Role of Spindle Orientation in Epidermal Development and Homeostasis
… orientation is essential for driving asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs), which generate cellular diversity within a tissue. During the development of the multilayered mammalian epidermis, mitotic spindle orientation in the proliferative basal cells is crucial not only for dictating daughter cell …
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Mitochondrial structure and distribution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
… in the physiology and metabolism of eukaryotic cells. Like most membrane bounded organelles, they cannot be synthesized de novo but grow and split into distinct organelles and must be inherited to daughter cells upon cell division. The structure of the highly dynamic mitochondrial network is …
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Forces Are Able to Set Position And Timing Of Microtubule Catastrophes In Fission Yeast
… exclusively at the poles of the cylindrical cell. Proper localization of these events is crucial for morphogenesis, and is thought to depend on factors preferentially localized at the cell poles. Using computer simulations we analyzed five different models of how microtubule dynamic …
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Rab35 Centered Membrane Trafficking Pathway Directs Apical Constriction During Drosophila Gastrulation
… high-tension contractile forces at the cell cortex before cyclically disassembling. This pulsed nature of cytoskeletal forces implies that there must be cellular processes to extract unidirectional changes that drive processive transformations in cell shape. During <em>Drosophila …
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Function and Regulation of the Cell Fate Determinant Numb in Polarized Epithelial Cells
Cell polarity is fundamental to numerous cellular processes including migration, molecular transport, and cell division. The establishment and organization of polarity is crucial to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in mammalian systems. Deregulation of cell polarity is observed in disease …
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Understanding the Organization, Location, and Interactions of Actin-based Structures During Drosophila Dorsal Closure
… resulting in the recognition and adhesion of cells to generate a seamless epithelium. Each step is mediated by carefully organized, cellular actin structures, including contractile purse strings, cellular protrusions, and dynamic medioapical arrays. I used live, 4D imaging to observe …
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Identification and characterization of genetic interactors of the Rho Guanine-nucleotide exchange factor Pebble in <em>Drosophila</em>
… a Rho GEF required for the migration of mesoderm cells during Drosophila gastrulation. The spreading of mesoderm cells is controlled by the FGF signalling pathway acting through the FGF receptor Heartless (Htl). Pbl represents an important downstream component of this FGF pathway and activates the …
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Topology, Symmetry and Mechanics: Deciphering and Controlling information flows in a living cell
… on complex spatiotemporal bases. Take a living cell for instance, the signaling proteins are capable of forming patterns on lengths that are tens of thousands the molecular size. During force-generating processes such as cell divisions, both the spatial and temporal aspects of protein patterning …
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Multi-Modal Regualtion of Actin Networks
<p>Eukaryotic cells employ the actin cytoskeleton to maintain cell shape, support motility, and sense and respond to external mechanical stimuli. An intricate network of actin filaments constitutes the foundation of tissue architecture by forming key cellular structures including the muscle fiber, …
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Experimentally informed bottom-up model of yeast polarity suggests how single cells respond to chemical gradients
<p>How do single cells—like neutrophils, amoebae, neurons, yeast, etc.—grow or move in a directed fashion in response to spatial chemical gradients? To address this question, we used the mating response in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a biological model. To mate, pairs of yeast …
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LOCALIZED WNT3A-SOURCES INSTRUCT MITOTIC ORIENTATION: DISSECTING THE WNT3A-TRANSDUCTION MECHANISM COUPLED WITH NUMA MACHINERY
In multicellular organisms, morphogenesis and homeostasis of epithelial tissues require oriented cell divisions, which rely on the proper positioning of the mitotic spindle. Consistently, defects in epithelial polarity and spindle orientation are often coupled with loss of tissue architecture and …
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Actin Cable Function and Regulation in the Budding Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
… actin flow (Chapter II). In yeast and other cell types, actin undergoes retrograde or centripetal movement from the cell cortex towards the interior of the cell. Retrograde actin flow drives intracellular and cellular movement. Previous work in the Pon laboratory showed that actin cables …
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Regulation of polarised trafficking by Klp98A
… trafficking of cargo, a hallmark of living cells, relies on a polarised landscape of microtubule tracks. Here, I studied how the regulation of an endosomal motor affects polarised trafficking, using the asymmetric division of *Drosophila* Sensory Organ Precursor (SOP) cells as a model …
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Functional studies of selected actin binding proteins by point mutations and GFP fusions
… is fundamental to the maintenance of normal cellular physiology. Site-directed mutagenesis of profilin II from Dictyostelium discoideum by PCR resulted in the point mutations W3N and K114E, whereby the W3N profilin is no longer able to bind to poly-(L)-proline concomitant with a slight …
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