Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
Results
Showing 1 to 20 of 20 for “"Causal Association"”.
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Extraction of Causal-Association Networks from Unstructured Text Data
Causality is an expression of the interactions between variables in a system. Humans often explicitly express causal relations through natural language, so extracting these relations can provide insight into how a system functions. This thesis presents a system that uses a grammar parser to extract …
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Diagnostic Procedures Using Radiation and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: Causal Association or Detection Bias? An Examination of Population Cancer Trends and Data from the NYC Fire Department
… </p> <p>Objectives: To investigate the possible association of greater use of diagnostic procedures with TC, either causally through radiation exposure or via incidental detection. </p> <p>Methods: Two data sources were used: National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results …
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The effect of economic growth volatility on income and wealth inequality in South Africa
… variance decomposition, and block Granger causality analysis over the period 1975-2018 to identify the effect of economic growth volatility on income inequality and wealth inequality in South Africa, and to determine whether this effect is more significant for income inequality or wealth …
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Genetic Variations in Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Focus on Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Mendelian Randomization
… genetic loci and to understand the causal nature of the associations of common cardio-metabolic biomarkers with T2D and coronary heart disease (CHD). The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS), a population-based prospective study, was used and included around 30,000 individuals with …
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The Epidermiology of Hairstyle related african hair disdorders, in and Urban Township in South Africa
… these conditions have been suspected to have a causal association with hairstyles. However, preliminary investigation suggested a lack of population studies demonstrating the latter association. In addition the possible influence of the unique African hair follicle on disease pathogenesis had …
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Early human adaptation in the northern hemisphere and the analytic implications of taphonomy
… the Lower and Middle Pleistocene. The presumed causal association between lithic tools and faunal remains at these early sites is evaluated, as is the presumed primary or nearly undisturbed context of these deposits. As well, a methodological approach incorporating multiple lines of evidence …
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Bridging Text Mining and Bayesian Networks
… This thesis specifically deals with utilizing causal associations and experimental results which can be obtained from literature mining. However, these associations and numerical results cannot be directly integrated with the Bayesian network. The source of the literature and the perceived …
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Gentrification and displacement in Greater London: an empirical and theoretical analysis
… anecdotal evidence and acknowledgement of basic causal association. Three separate but related methodologies were used to piece together evidence to test whether gentrification was a displacing force. First, the 1981 and 1991 censuses were used to examine broad social changes in London at a ward …
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Possible Role of the Hypothalamic Melanocortin System to Induce Satiety by High Protein/low Carbohydrate Diets
… casein in reducing food intake, though no clear association between plasma amino acid levels and food intake were apparent. Finally, we sought to establish a causal association between increased melanocortin activity in the MBH and the reduction in food intake of high protein diets by evaluating …
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Monetary policy transmission mechanism nexus economic growth: evidence from Botswana
… found a significant unidirectional short-run causal association between gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) and real gross domestic product (GDP), as well as a significant unidirectional short-run causal relationship between bank rate and GFCF in the short term. Even though the study's …
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Characterisation of clinical and anatomical substrates in risk stratification and management of atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke
… The conditions are interrelated with a complex causal association appreciated between atrial fibrillation and stroke development. Although several clinical drivers of disease development and progression have been identified, the role of structural changes within the heart and novel pathogenic …
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The systemic inflammatory response to dental plaque
… inflammatory responses are mechanisms that could causally link oral and systemic diseases. Objective: To use an experimental gingivitis model (EGM) in 2 clinical studies to 1) examine the systemic inflammatory responses to dental plaque, and assess racial differences in these responses; 2) …
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Statistical issues in Mendelian randomization: use of genetic instrumental variables for assessing causal associations
… for using genetic variation to estimate the causal effect of the change in a modifiable phenotype on an outcome from observational data. A genetic variant satisfying the assumptions of an instrumental variable for the phenotype of interest can be used to divide a population into subgroups …
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Cardiometabolic Diseases and HIV Infection: The Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
… individuals. And to evaluate the association of these outcomes with exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) medications i.e. protease inhibitors (PIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase …
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Smoking and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using the Bradford Hill Criteria for Causation
… criteria are commonly used to assess potentially causal associations. However, to date, no systematic reviews and meta-analyses had used these criteria to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between smoking and MS. The objective of this research was to assess the relationship between smoking …
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Medications, sex hormones and reproductive factors in relation to gastro-oesophageal cancer risk and survival
… cancer cell proliferation. However, the association between furosemide use and gastro- oesophageal cancer survival in humans has not been studied. A cohort study using UK primary care records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database was conducted to examine this …
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Immunogenetic analysis of HLA Class II in premalignant disease of the cervix and correlation with HPV status
The human papilloma virus (HPY) infection has a causal association with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. However, pre-malignant or malignant transformation is not always observed with HPY infection. lILA molecules are important in the regulation of the immune response …
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Indirect Maternal Mortality Due to Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
… rating to summarize the strength of evidence for causal association. Results: Pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher risk of malaria-associated death among individuals with malaria (random-effects RR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.11–2.25). The MR-BRT model-based RR estimate was 1.31 (95% UI: …
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Genetic Determinants of Obesity in Relation to Diet, Weight Gain and Mortality
… to obesity (papers I to III), studied the association between genetic susceptibility to obesity and weight gain at different time-points in life (paper IV) and tried to dissect the causality between cardiometabolic traits and mortality (paper V). The work in this thesis was conducted using …
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Ancestralidade como fator de risco para hipotireoidismo: estudo da coorte ELSA-BRASIL
Introduction– Genomic ancestry refers to the genetic relationship between an individual and their ancestors, from whom they biologically descend. The self-reported ancestry of the Brazilian population is subject to important genomic divergence and there are sensitive markers capable of stratifying …