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Showing 1 to 20 of 32 for “"CWA"”.
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Assemblages of salamanders (Family Plethodontidae) in CWA 305(b) fully-supporting, partially-supporting, and non-supporting streams on Walden's Ridge, Tennessee
… in AMD affected streams. The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that each navigable body of water in the United States be assigned a use designation and a support status based upon the stream's use designation and how it is affected by local pollution to be published in the CW A 305(b) report. …
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Design and Construction of a High Vacuum Surface Analysis Instrument to Study Chemistry at Nanoparticulate Surfaces
… adsorb and decompose chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and their simulants. Nanoparticle activity depends on several factors including chemical composition, particle size, and support, resulting in a vast number of materials with potential applications in CWA decontamination. Current …
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Metal-Ion Catalyzed Alcoholysis Based Disclosure Solution for the Detection of CW Nerve Agents on Sensitive Materials for Spray and Wipe-Based Applications
Chemical warfare agents (CWA) are defined by the Chemical Weapons Convention as "any chemical which, through its chemical effect on living processes, may cause death, temporary loss of performance, or permanent injury to people and animals." Chemical warfare agents, such as the nerve agents and …
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Fundamental Studies of the Uptake and Diffusion of Sulfur Mustard Simulants within Zirconium-based Metal-Organic Frameworks
The threat of chemical warfare agent (CWA) attacks has persisted into the 21st century due to the actions of terror groups and rogue states. Traditional filtration strategies for soldier protection rely on high surface area activated carbon, but these materials merely trap CWAs through weak …
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Manipulating Conjugation in electronic polymers and graphitic materials: chemosensors, precursor routes, and self-assembly
… upon exposure to chemical warfare agent (CWA) mimics. The resulting conjugated, cationic copolymer is intensely colored and facilitates spectroscopic and colorimetric detection of CWA mimics in solution and as a thin film. Similarly, we report the incorporation of CWA-responsive units into …
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Ion mobility and mass spectrometric investigations of organophosphates related to chemical warfare agents and pesticides
… is designed to detect Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs), is modified by the addition of a second ion gate, and connected to a commercial Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (ITMS). The addition of the second gate allows selection of individual ion mobility peaks for m/z analysis in the ITMS. This was …
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The Reactivity of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants on Carbamate Functionalized Monolayers and Ordered Silsesquioxane Films
The reactivity of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and CWA simulants on organic and oxide surfaces is not currently well understood, but is of substantial importance to the development of effective sensors, filters and sorbent materials. Polyurethane coatings are used by the armed forces as chemical …
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Long-term impacts of water quality and climate variability on Illinois River waterway fish assemblages
… implementation of the 1972 Clean Water Act (CWA), the upper river fish assemblages gradually became much more diverse. This increased diversity was thought to have resulted from pollution mitigation efforts, mandated by the CWA. However, the relationships between fish assemblages and specific …
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Parallelization of ECG template-based abnormality detection
… utilizing Correlation Waveform Analysis (CWA) were implemented to compare individual heartbeats and form heartbeat templates. The purpose of the templates is to exhibit the different heartbeat morphologies encountered in the data. The processing is done on a Linux Beowulf Cluster using the …
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Uptake and Reaction Mechanisms of CO, H2O, and the Nerve Agent Simulant, DMMP with Single Atom-Modified Zirconium-based Metal-Organic Frameworks
… to adsorb and degrade chemical warfare agents (CWAs). While effective as sorbents, CWA degradation has been shown to be stoichiometrically limited to the number of undercoordinated Zr sites at the node due to chemisorption (bidentate covalent bond formation) of products. To further improve the …
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Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Sorption Into Trisilanolphenyl-Poss Films
… adsorb, and decompose chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is of critical importance to protecting military and civilian populations alike. The sorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a CWA simulant, into trisilanolphenyl-POSS (TPP) films has previously been characterized with reflection …
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DESIGNING WATERSHED-SCALE STRUCTURAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES USING EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS TO ACHIEVE WATER QUALITY GOALS
… under the auspices of the 1972 Clean Water Act (CWA). However, a large portion of the nation's water remains polluted, mainly due to non-point sources of pollution. The Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program within the CWA regulates water pollution by controlling both point and non-point …
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Essays in Suface Water Quality Valuation
… to recent rulemakings under the Clean Water Act (CWA) in addition to other environmental contexts (e.g., health benefits under the Clean Air Act). While recent literature has emphasized the necessity that MRMs satisfy key theoretical conditions, including scope sensitivity and the adding up …
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Challenges of permitting ballast water discharges from commercial vessels in U.S. waters
… General Permit (VGP), under the Clean Water Act (CWA), for discharges incidental to the normal operation of vessels, including ballast water discharges. This set forth permit requirements for most commercial vessel discharges within 3 nautical miles of U.S. shore. Since it will expire in December …
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On the classification of time series and cross wavelet phase variance
… of the CWT to perform cross wavelet analysis (CWA), common frequency behaviour between two time series is highlighted, and the potential to extract amplitude modulated (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) characteristics in an automated way is possible. Characterisation of AM is relatively …
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THE CHOICE OF WATER SUPPLY SOURCES FOR U.S. CITIES
… Environmental Policy Act, Clean Water Act (CWA), Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), Endangered Species Act (ESA), Rivers and Harbors Act (RHA), and Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (WRSA) have been criticized as constraints to the development of new water sources. However, this research shows that …
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Polymer and covalent functionalization of single walled carbon nanotubes for electronic sensor applications
… Chapter 2: Chemical warfare agents (CWA) continue to present a threat to civilian populations and military personnel in operational areas all over the world. Reliable measurements of CWAs are critical to contamination detection, avoidance, and remediation. The current deployed systems …
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Analysis of In-Lieu Fee Programs in providing Wetland and Stream Compensatory Mitigation
… 404 permitting program, of the Clean Water Act (CWA), represents one of the longest regulatory histories of designing and implementing credit trading programs to satisfy regulatory requirements. The role and the function of in-lieu fee (ILF) programs in supporting this regulatory structure have …
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Long Term Nutrient and Chlorophyll a Dynamics across Long Island Sound and Impacts on Dissolved Oxygen Conditions within the Western Sound (1991-2019)
… enforced three phases of the Clean Water Act (CWA) to reduce nitrogen loads in an effort to improve this important estuary. <strong>This study examines how nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub> & TDN), chlorophyll a (CHLA), and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations changed in LIS over the …
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Analysis and characterization of ancillary service demand response strategies for variable air volume HVAC systems
… (STA), and chilled water temperature adjustment (CWA). Simulations were run over ranges of implementation and cooling load intensities and the results were used to create characteristic curves for each strategy, which map performance in terms of system power consumption reduction, system airflow …
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