Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 349 for “"CD4+ T cells"”.
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How CD4+ T Cells Recognize Allostimulatory Peptide-MHC
… whether tolerance is achieved or not, are CD4+ T cells that can recognize peptides presented on allogeneic (non-self) Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules in addition to their conventional ligands, peptides presented on self MHC. It is an enigma as to how these alloreactive T …
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On Modeling HIV Infection Of Cd4+ T Cells
… an early model for the interaction of HIV with CD4+ T cells in vivo and define possible parameters and effects of said parameters on the model. We then examine a newer, more simplified model for the interaction of HIV with CD4+ T cells that also considers four populations: uninfected T cells, …
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Immunomodulatory effect of pneumolysin upon CD4 T cells
… of the pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin, upon the cells at the heart of the adaptive immune response; the CD4 T cell. I generated purified pneumolysin and a purified pneumolysin mutant called F433 to allow me to examine this potential effect. I found that pneumolysin inhibits in vitro antigen …
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CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of visceral leishmaniasis
… infection is dependent on Th1 (IFNγ producing) CD4+ T cells, which activate macrophages to produce nitric oxide and kill the intracellular parasites. Despite there being an expansion of CD4+ T cells and an increase in pro-inflammatory molecules in the spleen, humans with active visceral …
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Characterising the gene regulatory landscape of CD4+ T cells
… overlap with active regulatory elements in CD4+ T cells, and particularly in regulatory T cells (Tregs). CD4+ T cells are the orchestrators of the adaptive immune response and their dysfunction has been associated with immune-mediated disorders through uncontrolled activation and resistance …
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Characterizing antigen-specific CD4⁺ T cells using HLA-DR oligomers
T cells are activated by the engagement of their surface T cell receptors (TCR) by antigenic peptide bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The success or failure of this TCR to MHC-peptide interaction determines the specificity of T cell action, and thus plays a central role in proper …
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A framework for understanding heterogeneous differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells
CD4+ T cells are a group of lymphocytes that play critical roles in the immune system. By releasing cytokines, CD4+ T cells regulate other immune cells for maximizing the efficiency of the system. Naive CD4+ T cells are activated and become mature upon engagement with antigens, and the mature CD4+ …
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Defining the biological role of FOXP3 in human CD4+ T cells
The involvement of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in immune homeostasis is now recognized as one of the fundamental mechanisms of immune tolerance. While several different types of Tregs cooperate to establish and maintain immune homeostasis, much current research is focused on defining the …
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MicroRNA and Epigenetic Controls of CD4+ T cells' Activation, Differentiation and Maintenance
… a major component of the adaptive immune system, CD4+ T cells play a vital role in host defense and immune tolerance. The potency and accuracy of CD4+ T cell-mediated protection lie in their ability to differentiate into distinct subsets that could carry out unique duties. In this dissertation, we …
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Expanding Allergen-specific Tr-1 CD4+ T cells to treat Allergic Asthma
… and expansion of cognate autoregulatory CD4+ Tr1-like cells that suppresses the autoimmune response via secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. We tested this therapeutic avenue in a chronic model of asthma in BALB/c mice, and found that the pMHC-NP therapy …
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Intestinal challenges shape the polarisation of dural meninges memory CD4+ T cells
… have been thought to be mostly devoid of immune cells and to interact sparingly with the peripheral immune system. However, recent work has shown that a diverse array of both innate and adaptive immune cells populate distinct niches of the brain and its borders and respond to insults from both …
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Understanding the role of CD4+ T cells in common immune-mediated diseases
… DNA. Moreover, these loci are enriched in CD4+ T cell regulatory elements, which suggests they might disrupt the expression of nearby genes in T cells. Nonetheless, the target genes of most immune disease loci have yet to be discovered. In this dissertation, I describe three studies …
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Clonotypic Analysis of CMV-Specific CD4+ T Cells in Human and Nonhuman Primates
… in a host via mechanisms of immune evasion. CD4+ T cells are known to play a role in maintaining life-long immunity against CMV; however, the cellular requirements for establishing and maintaining protection against CMV disease have not been characterized. The objective of this work was to …
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Contribution Of Non-Classical Antigen Presentation To Cd4+ T Cells During Orthopoxvirus Infection
CD4+ T cells play critical roles in host defense during viral infection, yet questions remain regarding the mechanisms for activation of these cells. The critical initiating signal for CD4+ T cell activation is a productive interaction between the T cell receptor and an antigenic peptide in complex …
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Characterization of viral- and fungal-reactive CD4+ T cells in healthy and diseased
CD4+ T lymphocytes are central regulators of adaptive immunity, coordinating protective immune responses while maintaining tolerance to harmless antigens. Their antigen specificity, diversity and functional properties are poorly characterized. This thesis is a cumulative work of three manuscripts …
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Maintenance and function of antigen-specific CD4 T cells within the lung during tuberculosis
… Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Even though CD4 T cells are critical for containing Mtb, the immune system rarely eradicates the bacteria, necessitating the maintaining of an antigen-specific CD4 T cell response throughout the course of infection. How this response is maintained is not …
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Autoregulatory CD8 T-Cells Modulate CNS Autoimmune Disease by Targeting Encephalitogenic CD4 T-Cells
… It is believed that myelin sheath-targeting CD4 T-cells are important mediators of this disease. While it is known that CD8 T-cells are present, oligoclonally expanded and are the predominant T-cell population in the MS CNS lesion, their antigen specificity and function remains to be …
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Pre-programmed regulatory networks and poised chromatin potentiate lineage-specific differentiation of CD4+ T cells
… demonstrates that the chromatin of naïve CD4 T cells is poised towards the acquisition of effector function. Additionally, the development of genome-wide maps of in vivo transcription factor footprints allows the assembly of extensive regulatory networks comprising connections among 476 …
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The Role of CD4+ T cells in the CD8+ T cell Response to Vaccinia Viral Infection
<p>The role of CD4 T cell help in primary and secondary CD8 T cell responses to infectious pathogens remains incompletely defined. The primary CD8 T response to infections was initially thought to be largely independent of CD4 T cells, but it is not clear why some primary, pathogen-specific CD8 T …
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Single-cell transcriptomics identifies key components in metabolic pathways of drug perturbed activated CD4+ T cells
CD4+ T cells play a critical role in the development of autoimmune diseases. During CD4+ T cell activation, remodelling of metabolic pathways is required for the cells to exert their effector functions. The importance of these pathways is highlighted by the successful therapies for immune diseases …
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