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Showing 1 to 18 of 18 for “"C4 Photosynthesis"”.
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Stomatal regulation in C4 photosynthesis
… into organic molecules through the process of photosynthesis. The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the leaf intercellular spaces is facilitated by stomata, tiny pores found on the leaf epidermis. These pores act as gateways, allowing CO<sub>2</sub> to enter the leaf while water …
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Understanding C4 Photosynthesis Through Quantitative Genetics
Photosynthesis is fundamental to all life on Earth. In terrestrial plants it relies exclusively on RuBisCO to fix atmospheric CO2 into the sugar-generating Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. RuBisCO however, binds with oxygen preferentially under favourable conditions which has led to the evolution of …
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The role of small RNAs in C4 photosynthesis
The C4 cycle represents a series of biochemical and anatomical modifications that are targeted to overcome the effects of photorespiration caused by the oxygenase capability of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (RuBisCO). The cycle has evolved independently in over 60 lineages, which …
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Plastid to Nucleus Signalling and the Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis
… core photosynthetic genes, in both C3 and C4 species. However, the regulatory mechanisms of this signalling are not well understood. C4 photosynthesis has evolved from the ancestral C3 state in over sixty lineages of plants. Although commonly described as the most remarkable example of …
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A comparative analysis of C3 and C4 photosynthesis under dynamic light conditions
… are falling behind rising demand, improving photosynthesis to increase crop yield has become a major global effort. The response of plants to changes in light intensity has been identified as a source of inefficiency for photosynthesis, as in the dynamic environments of the open field, where …
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Strategies to improve C4 photosynthesis, water and resource-use efficiency under different atmospheres, temperatures, and light environments
… and require minimal use of inputs. Plants using C4 photosynthesis display many of these traits: in C4 leaves, a biochemical carbon-concentrating mechanism significantly boosts photosynthetic efficiency and overall productivity, while improving the efficiency with which key inputs such as water or …
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Exploiting the Productivity of C4 Photosynthesis in Cool Temperate Climates: Mechanisms and Thresholds of Cold Tolerance in Miscanthus, Saccharum, and Spartina pectinata
Perennial grasses that use the C4 photosynthetic pathway are the best choice for terrestrial bioenergy and can help mitigate climate change. Much of the marginal land available for bioenergy occurs in cool temperate climates at high latitudes. To be productive in cool temperate climates, C4 …
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Engineering a Reverse C4 Photosynthetic Pathway in C3 species Arabidopsis thaliana
C4 photosynthesis is a specialised carbon concentrating mechanism that achieves higher rates of photosynthesis. Engineering C4 photosynthesis into C3 plants could improve agronomic features of staple C3 crops. Introducing the biochemistry of C4 photosynthesis is considered a key step in engineering …
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Developmental and Expression Evolution in C3 and C4 Atriplex and their Hybrids
… efficiency in C3 crops. Above 30°C, photosynthesis and yield are reduced 30-50% by photorespiration. The C4 photosynthetic pathway incorporates biochemical and structural features to minimize photorespiration by concentrating CO2 around Rubisco. Engineering C4 into C3 crops requires …
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Cool Temperature Effects on Productivity and Photosynthesis of Two Biomass Fuel Species: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus)
The world\'s highest yielding crops are C4 plants due to their higher water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, and productivity compared with C3 plants. With an increasing demand for renewable resources as a result of the decreasing global supplies of fossil fuels, we need to improve our …
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Understanding the physiological and molecular basis of chilling tolerance across species of the C4 genera Miscanthus and Spartina
… Among the potential biofuel crop species, C4 plants are the top candidates, and include maize, sorghum, switchgrass, and sugarcane. C4 plants are capable of producing higher biomass yields and have greater water and nitrogen use efficiency than C3 plants, largely due to the elimination of …
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Interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration with nutrient availability and leaf development on plant carbon metabolism
… ([CO2]) this century will impact plant photosynthesis and respiration with consequences for plant productivity in natural and agro-ecosystems. The capacity of all plants to grow and ecosystems to store carbon in elevated [CO2] can be dependent on interactions with water, nutrients, and …
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Investigating photosynthetic mechanisms in model and non-model species
… controlling genes related to the evolution of photosynthesis in these two grass species, which showed that GDC-P and GDC-H exhibits cis+trans regulatory mechanism. SNPs associated with the NAD-ME also showed cis+trans regulation, which potentially contributes to its high expression in the early …
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Characterizing the transcriptional regulation of crassulacean acid metabolism in Kalanchoe
… performing crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis have evolved to be naturally water-use efficient primarily through shifting their carbon uptake to night to minimize water-loss. Relative to C3 and C4 photosynthesis species, CAM plants are enriched for rhythmic circadian …
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Evolution and ecology of C4 grasses: insights from carbon isotope analysis of grass pollen grains
C4 grasses account for >25% of global primary productivity and dominate tropical, subtropical, and warm-temperate grassland ecosystems. Because of limitations of conventional morphological and geochemical proxies, identification of C4 grasses in the fossil record is difficult. Thus, testing …
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The maximum quantum efficiency of CO2 assimilation declines with depth in the canopies of the C4 crops Miscanthus x giganteus and Zea mays
Leakage of CO2 from bundle sheath cells of C4 plants (φ) could limit their productivity. φ is thought to increase at low light in the C4 crop Miscanthus x giganteus (M. x giganteus) (Kromdijk et al., 2008). This should reduce photosynthetic light use efficiency (PLUE) in the lower canopy. Zea mays …
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Herbicide safeners: upregulating detoxification mechanisms for selective weed management in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
… on area sown and production. Sorghum utilizes C4 photosynthesis and is one of the most efficient crops for water usage and solar energy conversion. It is grown for human consumption, animal feed, and fuel worldwide. Originating in the northeast Sahel region of Africa, the wide range of sorghum …