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Showing 1 to 20 of 70 for “"Bulk Water"”.
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Optimal risk-based design of bulk water supply systems
Bulk water supply systems generally consist of a source of water, a conveyor (feeder pipe, canal etc.) and a storage facility. Designing bulk water supply systems includes the sizing of these components to ensure a functional system...The study follows the same methods that have been used by …
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Optimal reliability-based design of bulk water supply systems
Bulk water supply systems are usually designed according to deterministic design guidelines. In South Africa, design guidelines specify that a bulk storage reservoir should have a storage capacity of 48 hours of annual average daily demand (AADD), and the feeder pipe a capacity of 1.5 times AADD …
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Optimal reliability-based design of bulk water supply infrastructure-incorporating pumping systems
The optimal design of a bulk water supply system is centered on two major objectives: cost efficiency and the formation of a design solution that is appropriate for the conditions in which the system is to be implemented. The currently employed CSIR (2000) design guidelines utilise deterministic …
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Computer Simulations of Rare Earth Erbium Ion-Extractant Binding at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces
… extraction of trivalent lanthanide ions in bulk water and at the aqueous-organic interface. Solvent extraction is a critical process in the separation of rare earth elements, which are essential for technologies like the nuclear fuel cycle, electronics, and renewable energy. The process …
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Presence of potentially pathogenic heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria occurring in a drinking water distribution system in the North-West Province, South Africa
… plate count (HPC) bacteria in drinking water. These HPC may have potential pathogenic features, enabling them to cause disease. It is especially alarming amongst individuals with a weakened immune system. South Africa, the country with the highest incidents of HIV positive individuals in …
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Studies of liquid-liquid phase transition and critical phenomena in supercooled confined water by neutron scattering
… (SANS) is used to measure the density of water contained in 1-D cylindrical pores of a mesoporous silica material MCM-41-S. By being able to suppress the homogenous nucleation process inside the narrow pore, one can keep water in the liquid state down to at least 160 K. We observe a …
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Modulation Of Water-Exchange Rates Of Lanthanide(iii)-Containing Complexes Using Polyethylene Glycol
<p> <strong>MODULATION OF WATER-EXCHANGE RATES OF LANTHANIDE(III)-CONTAINING COMPLEXES USING POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL</strong> </p> <p>by</p> <p> <strong>BUDDHIMA N. SIRIWARDENA-MAHANAMA</strong> </p> <p> <strong>May 2014</strong> </p> <p> <strong>Advisor:</strong> Dr. Matthew J. Allen</p> <p> …
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Understanding the effect of intermittent water supply on drinking water quality
… 1 billion people who obtain their drinking water through piped distribution networks that operate intermittently. Intermittent Water Supply (IWS) operations allow for periods of stagnation and depressurization that create conditions favorable for biofilm growth on pipe surface. Biofilms are …
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Molecular Profiling of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Genes in Raw and Drinking Water
… as emerging public health threats in drinking water systems. Heterotrophic Plate Count bacteria in distribution pipes are used as direct parameters to assess the conditions of water in distribution systems. Moreover, the presence of pathogenic features in the organisms may also indicate the …
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The oceanography, the biogeochemistry and the fluxes of carbon dioxide in the Benguela Upwelling System
… flux in the Benguela System. Carbon and nitrogen bulk water concentrations together with relevant physical parameters were measured along three transects which spanned the Benguela System defining the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of waters at the key stages of the upwelling cycle.
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Social impact assessment of the upgrading of the Olushandja Dam in northern Namibia
… serves as a balancing and storage dam for water supplied from the Calueque Dam, on the Cunene River. Olushandja Dam forms an important component of the bulk water supply network. The Namibian Department of Water Affairs (DWA), the proponent of the project, aims to upgrade the Olushandja …
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Interactions of biomass derived oxygenates with heterogeneous catalysts in aqueous and vacuum environments
… polarity of most biomass derived molecules makes water the ideal solvent for biomass upgrading reaction schemes. Metal oxide and metal oxide supported catalysts are heavily used in oil refining and petrochemical production, and are capable of upgrading biomass molecules as well. However, the …
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Neutron scattering and microscopy studies of the structure and dynamics of water near a nanostructured hydrophilic copper oxide surface
… to be attributed to the thin film of interfacial water supported by the nanostructures that coat the OHP's interior surface. The aim of this work is to investigate the microscopic origin of enhanced heat transfer at the CuO surface by studying the structure, morphology, freezing/melting behavior, …
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Single Ion Detection in Nanotube Nanofluidics
… a polymer with exceptionally low permeability to water and oxygen. The resulting sandwiched structures were transformed into a trap-in-a-pore (TIP) platform by lithography, exposing only the 0.422 nm pore mouth of the nanotubes while preserving the integrity of the SWCNTs and OCCs. This design …
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Magnetic resonance characterization of gadolinium-based contrast agents
… demonstrated the existence of the second sphere water. The distance between $\sp2$H-Gd, a$\sb{\rm iso}$, and quadrupolar coupling constants were obtained by computer simulations of $\sp2$H-ESEEM of Gd complexes in frozen solutions. Water exchange times between the Gd complexes and bulk water were …
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Study of slow dynamics in supercooled water by molecular dynamics and quasi-elastic neutron scattering
The slow dynamics of supercooled water is studied by modelling the spectrum of test particle fluctuations: intermediate scattering function (ISF). The theoretical models are compared with experimental measurements by quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation …
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Exploration of Hydrogen Gas Evolution from Radioactive Sludges
… investigation, we start with a simple model of bulk brucite, the main component of the Magnox sludge. When a high-energy ionising particle interacts with matter, its initial passage leaves a cylindrical track where there will be a high density of ions and radical species created. This process …
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Photochemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Environmentally Relevant Metals
… on simulated reactions in the atmosphere and water systems between persistent aromatic compounds and varying species of metals with an emphasis on iron. Bulk water suspensions of a standard soil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were analyzed for soluble iron by inductively-coupled …
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An investigation into the National Water Act No 36 of 1998: Its impact and effectiveness on stakeholders in a Water Users' Association in a rural community in the Western Cape
… of the policies and strategies of the National Water Act (NWA) of 1998 and the impact on the rural community of the Hex River Valley. This study interrogates the negligence to implement the policies and strategies of the NWA to redress the practice of segregated use of the water resource as a …
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Protonation and Membrane Protein Function
… environment can differ from its default value in bulk water at neutral pH. It is thus necessary to correctly evaluate its protonation state in order to generate meaningful reaction models in in-silico experiments. Such evaluations are non-trivial in situations where titratable amino acids interact …
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