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Showing 1 to 17 of 17 for “"Birch-Reduction"”.
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Birch reduction of cinnamic acid
… the system yielded the first successful partial reduction of a monobenzenoid system, as reported by Wooster and Godfrey (2), in 1937. As a result of that success a patent was issued to Wooster for the process (3). Little additional work was reported until Birch and his co-workers picked up the …
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Birch reduction of benzenesulfonamide and benzenephosphonic acid
… proton source such as alcohol to affect partial reduction of aromatic compounds, commonly known as the BIrch reduction, has proven to be a synthetic procedure of great utility. (1) The flexibility and usefulness of this reaction has attracted increasing attention in recent times, primarily by …
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A study of the Birch reduction of m-Methoxybenzamide
<p>This thesis is (1) an investigation in the identity of the unknown material Qazi (20) obtained when benzamide was reduced at the boiling point of ammonia with 3.3 equivalents of sodium and ethanol, (2) characterization of the components of the brown liquid obtained when m-methoxybenzamide was …
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Birch reduction of benzamide, m-methoxy-benzamide and terephthalic acid
… In a variety of experimental procedures for Birch reduction at dry-ice temperature (-65 to -78°C), benzamide was reduced to 1,4-dihydrobenzamide: (a) By using Niem’s procedure (27), with lithium and ethanol in liquid ammonia at dry-ice temperature and where ethanol was added slowly after …
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Exploring new reactions with Organic Electron Donors and the complexities of the Birch reduction
… has successfully widened the substrate scope of reduction by SED to include i) the C-O bond cleavages of phenolic esters and aryl ethers and ii) the C-S bond cleavages of aromatic sulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones. Previously it was also discovered that the X-N bond of several amides were …
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Exploration of Synthetic Pathways to Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters and Fused Ring Systems via Birch Reductions
<p>The Birch reduction – alkylation is an effective way to form all-carbon quaternary centers from inexpensive commercially available starting material. When coupled to complementary reactions such as the Rauhut-Currier or Mizoroki-Heck, complex drug-like structures can be rapidly formed. We have …
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Reductive cleavage of N-substituted benzenesulfonamides and p-sulfamylbenzoic acid
… atom and on the ring of sulfonamides in the Birch reduction of aromatic sulfonamides, especially with respect to the amount of thiol formed, in the hope that information concerning the initial cleavage step might be discerned.</p>
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Alkylation of Boron Nitride Nanomaterials using Reductive Conditions
… for boron nitride nanomaterials: the Billups-Birch reduction.
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New Synthetic Methodologies for the Construction and Optimization of Natural Products
… A amides were synthesized through the nitration, reduction and acylation of C-6 and C-8 of the ?-carboline moiety. These analogs were evaluated for in vitro antimalarial and antimicrobial activities. The amides of MA shosignificantly reduced cytotoxicity against Vero cells, although were less …
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A study of the isomers of the higher fullerenes and the synthesis and study of fullerene hydrides
… have been synthesized using a novel hydrazine reduction. Other fullerene hydrides, C60Hn (n = 38, 40, 42, 48), were synthesized via the Birch reduction of the hydrazine reduction products. Seven of eight isomers for C60H4 have been observed in the proton NMR spectra. 3He NMR spectra were …
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Development of a Ni-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Mizoroki- Heck Reaction for the Synthesis of Phenanthridinone Derivatives
<p>The Birch reduction-alkylation coupled to the desymmetrizing Mizoroki-Heck reaction is a novel synthetic tool to form potentially bioactive phenanthridinone analogs from inexpensive and easily available starting materials. This work describes a rare example of the direct replacement of palladium …
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Synthetic studies utilizing podocarpic acid
… acid (1) by Birch reduction of the aromatic ring. A number of ring A epoxide derivatives of the acid(1) were prepared and cleaved by a variety of reagents to give the 3-oxygenated derivatives (145), (146), and (152), together with compounds possessing a …
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The Total Synthesis of Pseudonocardia sp. Quinolone Natural Products and Studies Towards the Total Synthesis of 1β-Hydroxyalantolactone
… of a diene which was itself accessed by Birch reduction chemistry. Whilst the synthesis is as yet incomplete, access was granted to a key intermediate encompassing around half of the stereocentres present in the natural product.
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Exploration of the use of Palladium and Nickel to Catalyze Enolate Cross-coupling and the Enantioselective Mizoroki-Heck Reaction.
… analogs. We achieve this through the Birch-Heck sequence, a 4-step sequence that includes Birch reduction/alkylation of benzoic acid, acid chloride formation/amide formation, triflation, and then the enantioselective Mizoroki-Heck reaction. In this process, we report N-H and N-Me …
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Einfache Decarbonylierungen und stereoselektive Oxidationen von Cyclohexadienen und Cyclohexenen
… erfolgte mittels Birch-Reduktion in flüssigem Ammoniak und anschließender Umsetzung der intermediär entstehenden Dianionen mit Alkylhalogeniden. So konnte ausgehend von verschiedenen Benzoesäurederivaten eine Reihe interessanter Cyclohexadiene in sehr guten …
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Specific and non-specific interactions on carbon material surfaces.
… oxidation (both AC and CB), Fenton and Birch reduction treatment (MWCNTs) and in a more controlled manner using gas-phase ozone treatment (CB). The chemistry of all the resulting carbon surfaces were characterised using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), which gives a quick and …
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Synthesis of 20S-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Analogs and Their 1α-Hydroxyl Derivatives as Potent Anti-inflammatory Agents
… first time. A semi-reduced intermediate of the Birch reduction for 1α-OH formation was obtained for the first time, and thus was used to propose the reaction mechanism. X-ray crystallography analysis of the key intermediate confirmed the formation of 1α-OH. 1,20S(OH)2D3 binds efficiently in …