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Showing 1 to 20 of 23 for “"Axonal degeneration"”.
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Microdevices for Isolating Single Axons for the Study of Axonal Transport in Dopaminergic Neurons
<p>Axonal degeneration plays an important role in the etiology of major central nervous system: CNS) neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease: PD) but investigations into the mechanisms underlying this important process has been limited. The goal of this dissertation was to design …
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Mitofusin 2 Regulated Transport of Mitochondria is Necessary for Axonal Integrity
The ubiquitous finding of axonal degeneration in a number of the most prevalent neuropathologies marks the importance of understanding axonal biology and the axonal self-destruct mechanism. Though our understanding of axonal degeneration remains largely incomplete, several down-steam steps of the …
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Investigating the function of the hereditary spastic paraplegia protein spastin in the endomembrane system
… diseases characterised by the distal axonal degeneration of corticospinal neurons. Of the 80 genes currently associated with HSP, mutations in SPAST, encoding the protein spastin, are by far the most common cause of pathology. Spastin functions as a microtubule remodelling enzyme by …
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Chronic Ocular Hypertensive Model using Microbead Injection in Rats: Comparison of Polyurethane, Polymethylmethacrylate, and Polystyrene
… observed for 4 weeks after microbead injections. Axonal degeneration was assessed with transmission electron microscopic photographs and RGC loss was assessed with retrograde labeling. Results: Sixty-nine rats were included. Three days after a single injection of microbeads, IOPs were increased by …
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A Multielectrode Microcompartment Platform for Signal Transduction in the Nervous System
… on the DRGs. The drug caused length-dependent axonal degeneration in the DRGs when applied locally. Moreover, electrophysiological activity in both compartments showed that only the activity in the axonal compartment was affected, leading us to believe that the mechanism behind the degeneration …
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A KETOGENIC DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY’S EFFECT ON PERIPHERAL NERVE FUNCTION
… improved sensation, a ketogenic diet increased axonal growth in vitro and in vivo. This exciting result of improved nerve growth has the potential to benefit millions of patients worldwide experiencing neuropathy and pain due to axonal degeneration.
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THE EFFECTS OF NICOTINAMIDE MONONUCLEOTIDE ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE 2 (NMNAT2) ON MOUSE NERVE AND BLADDER DEVELOPMENT
… studied for its ability to delay Wallerian degeneration. Studies have linked the Nmnat1 portion of the Wlds fusion protein to the majority of its ability to protect axons, but recent work has identified Nmnat2 as the endogenous factor involved in axon maintenance. Our goal is to identify the …
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The pathophysiology of spinal muscular atrophy
… These findings suggested early motor neuron degeneration with phenotype related to quantitative differences, followed by relative stability of remaining motor neurons. Axonal excitability studies were undertaken in adolescent and adult SMA patients to further investigate pathophysiological …
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Pilot Study Exploring the Effect of Targeted COX-2 Inhibition in Macrophages Responding to Neuronal Injury; Promoting Enhanced Axonal Regeneration
… and inflammation damages nerves, leading to axon degeneration distal from the site of injury. While peripheral nerves can regenerate axons, if axonal degeneration continues to occur due to inflammation, then axonal regeneration cannot proceed. Ultimately, axonal regeneration can be an important …
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Antioxidant Biomarkers and Nutraceutical Therapeutics in Neurodegeneration and Neurotrauma
… mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, axonal degeneration, and resulting neuronal death. These processes deplete the body’s endogenous antioxidant system. We report a retrospective analysis of antioxidant blood biomarkers in patients with a history of mTBI from a local sports medicine …
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Mitochondrial metabolism and CNS myelination
… to axons. Loss of myelin integrity leads to axonal degeneration and is a hallmark of many neurological conditions. The complex morphological and functional changes occurring during myelination are likely associated with significant energy demands. In particular, the present series of in vitro …
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Cytosolic Nucleic Acid Sensing and Senescence in a Patient-Derived Model of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
… of CNS-resident cells is thought to drive axonal degeneration, neuronal loss and the irreversible accumulation of disability. The treatment options for P-MS are currently extremely limited. Ageing and senescence are implicated as critical drivers of disease progression, and cellular …
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Testing roles of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia genes in axonal endoplasmic reticulum modelling in Drosophila
… by progressive lower limb spasticity due to axonal degeneration. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a longitudinal network within the axon; common mutations in HSP affect proteins of the spastin, atlastin, REEP and reticulon (RTN) families, which possess hydrophobic hairpin domains in …
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Cognitive, Psychiatric, And Neuropathological Manifestations Of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
… chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The neurodegeneration accompanying CTE occurs over many years following repeated head impacts and is characterized by progressive brain atrophy, accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau and aggregates of TDP-43, myelinated axonopathy, neuroinflammation and …
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Characterisation of the molecular mechanisms of dopaminergic axonal growth and their impairment in Parkinson's disease
… affects 6.1 million people globally as of 2016. Axonal degeneration has been identified as the earliest event in the pathogenesis of the disease. For this reason, the application of neurotrophic growth factors for the protection and/or restoration of dopaminergic neurons and their axons has been …
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Mitochondrial dynamics in demyelinated axons in a cerebellar slice culture system
Axonal degeneration is the major cause of disability in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). It has been shown that in MS and relevant disease models, demyelinated axons harbor an increased number of mitochondria, which is reflected in bigger stationary sites of mitochondria, increased …
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The Role of Schwann Cell Mitochondrial Metabolism in Schwann Cell Biology and Axonal Survival
… neuropathies. While the role of neuronal and axonal mitochondria in peripheral nerve disease is well appreciated, whether Schwann cell: SC) mitochondrial deficits contribute to peripheral neuropathies is unclear. Greater insight into the biology and pathology of SC mitochondrial metabolism …
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The role of the RNA-binding protein FUS in axonal organisation and disease
The role of the RNA-binding protein FUS in axonal organisation and disease In this thesis, I discuss the role of the RNA-binding protein Fused in sarcoma (FUS) in axonal organisation and disease. FUS aggregates in forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and …
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Application Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging To Understanding The Pathogenesis Of The X-Linked Leukodystrophy Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease
… myelin, but late length-dependent pattern of axonal degeneration (Garbern et al. Brain 125:551, 2002). We speculate that progression of disease correlates with the rate of axonal damage. The goal of this study was to investigate whether non-invasive MR techniques to assess extent of …
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Investigation of Monoaminergic Neurotransmitter Systems as a Method to Study Alzheimer's Disease-Related Neurodegeneration
… subsequent NFT/NT formation and profound neurodegeneration. In contrast, models of tauopathy vary in their neurodegenerative phenotype, but typically rely on mutant tau transgenes that are not seen in AD [1, 5]. Taken together, these findings have led to the notion that Aβ/APP models of AD only …
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