Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 21 for “"Aversive stimulus"”.
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Inescapable Aversive Stimulus Decreases Subsequent Escape Responding in Humans: An Investigation of the Learned Helplessness Effect in a 3D Virtual Environment
<p>Exposure to an inescapable aversive stimulus decreases escape responses to subsequent escapable aversive stimuli. This is known as the learned helplessness effect. In the present experiment, human participants were trained in an immersive, 3D virtual environment analog of an operant chamber …
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Computational and Human Learning Models of Generalized Unsafety
… learning threatening cues ([CS+] paired with an aversive stimulus) compared to safety cues ([CS-] not paired with an aversive stimulus) was used as a proxy measure of generalized unsafety, as conceptualized by the GUTS model. This difference is expected to be moderated by individual differences …
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The Feedback-Related Negativity is a Time-Dependent Brain Mechanism that Facilitates Aversive Learning: Implications for the Reinforcement Learning FRN Hypothesis
<p>Organisms encode rewarding and aversive experiences through reinforcement learning, capitalizing on prediction errors (PEs), which adapt action strategies over time. Computational theories are explicit that PE signals should update action weights continuously over the course of a behavioral …
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The Effects of Combining Positive and Negative Reinforcement During Training.
… alone. A behavior was trained under two stimulus conditions and procedures. One method involved presenting the cue ven and reinforcing successive approximations to the target behavior. The other method involved presenting the cue punir, physically prompting the target behavior by pulling …
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Electrodermal and cardiovascular activity in psychopathy : indicants of a coping response
… during a countdown prior to the onset of an aversive stimulus. During the countdown, psychopaths have been found to display accelerated HR accompanied by small increases in SC while non-psychopaths have shown less accelerated HR accompanied by dramatic increases in SC (Hare, 1978; Hare, …
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Pharmacological Reversal of Cognitive Bias in The Chick Anxiety-Depression Continuum Model
… a more pessimistic interpretation of ambiguous aversive stimuli and depressed individuals not only tend to adopt a more pessimistic interpretation of ambiguous aversive stimuli, but also a less optimistic interpretation of ambiguous appetitive stimuli. Such biases have also been …
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A Validation Study of the Competitive Prosocial/Aggression Continuum Task
… options other than the administration of an aversive stimulus. Thus, the goal of this project is to develop and validate the Competitive Prosocial/ Aggression Continuum Task (COMPACT), a portable competitive reaction time aggression paradigm that expands the range of available participant …
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Drug Treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in a Mouse Model
… (FC) paradigm in which mice were exposed to an aversive stimulus paired with a neutral stimulus was used. Treatments began 4 hours post-FC, and fear response behaviors such as freezing and aggression were recorded 24 hours and 2 weeks post-FC. 2-weeks after FC, mice were placed in an open-field …
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Pre-Stimulus Anticipation and Unconscious Fear Learning Disparities in Individuals with Varying Levels of Anxiety
… paradigm to investigate the influence of pre-stimulus unconscious threat anticipation on subsequent fear responses in associative learning. Additionally, we explored the differences in pre-stimulus anticipation among individuals with varying levels of anxiety. Electrodermal response (EDA) was …
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A psychological analysis of the effects of memory retrieval prior to extinction on the reacquisition of a conditioned fear association
… a single presentation of the fear-inducing stimulus one hour prior to extinction training. This procedure produces extinction learning that is resistant to the return of fear resulting from a change of context, the passage of time, exposure to the unconditioned stimulus, and even further …
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Dopaminergic modulation of prefrontal cortex subpopulations
… gray (dPAG) during the processing of an aversive stimulus. First, using electrochemical approaches, we reveal the precise time course of tail pinch-evoked dopamine release in the mPFC. Second, we show that dopamine signaling in the mPFC biases behavioral responses to punishment-predictive …
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Selective Lesion of Cholinergic Neurons of the Septal-Hippocampal Tract: Memory and Learning
… of acquisition. The results suggest that a mild aversive stimulus can attenuate cognitive deficits caused by MS cholinergic lesions.
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Extinction of Threat Memory via Reconsolidation Interference: A Behavioral Intervention Meta-Analysis
<p>Threat memories are created when an aversive stimulus is paired with other stimuli such that the associated stimuli elicit the same reaction as the unpleasant one. Anxiety disorders are usually treated with exposure to aversive stimuli. Emotional memories can be altered through a process called …
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Examining the role of the anterior and posterior orbitofrontal cortex in emotional regulation in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
… on discriminative conditioned responses to an aversive stimulus were also examined, as a means of studying responses to a more proximal and imminent threat. While inactivation of the pOFC did not produce any effects, inactivations of the antOFC surprisingly reduced conditioned behavioural …
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Higher Order Conditioning of the Eyeblink Reflex
… this paradigm an initially neutral conditioned stimulus (CS - e.g. an auditory tone or light) that elicits no response is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US -e.g. an air puff to the eye ) that elicits an innate reflex blink response. A CS paired with the US at a fixed latency …
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Neonatal septal lesions and early malnutrition: interactive effects on physiology and behavior
… a passive avoidance task utilizing shock as the aversive stimulus, no differences between groups were observed. These data point to an important degree of interaction between sex, neonatal septal lesions, malnutrition and housing conditions in determining subsequent behavior.</p>
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The Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitor (p-O-Sulfamoyl) - Tetradecanoyl Tyramine (DU-14) Enhances Memory Retention in Passive Avoidance in Rats with Hippocampal Cholinergic Deficit
Neurosteroids, such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, (DHEAS) are steroidal compounds synthesized within the central nervous system that modulate its function. Among the effects associated with sulfated neurosteroids is the enhancement of memory. Previous studies have demonstrated that altering …
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Behavioural principles underlying navigational decision-making in Drosophila melanogaster larvae
… I found that in control conditions where stimulus intensity is identical between left and right casts, the percentage of larvae that stop exploration and crawl in the direction favourable for survival (i.e. toward the first stimulated direction) significantly increases with number of …
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A Behavioral and Anatomical Analysis of Conditioned Taste Aversion in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Mice
… of a novel tastant, such as sucrose (conditioned stimulus, CS), followed by an intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride that induces gastric malaise (unconditioned stimulus, US), which results in the aversion of sucrose (conditioned response, CR). However, a more natural classical …
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