Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 34 for “"Aversive stimuli"”.
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The Effect of Exposure to Aversive Stimuli on Activity Based Anorexia
… These experiments address whether exposure to aversive stimuli during baseline and limited food access with running wheel access (ABA) phases influences weight loss in the ABA procedure. In the first experiment, twentyseven male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three conditions for …
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Space and Value in the Primate Amygdala and Basal Forebrain
… must be acutely aware of associations between stimuli and aversive outcomes in addition to those resulting in appetitive outcomes. This involves attending to appetitive stimuli in order to obtain positive outcomes, and aversive stimuli in order to avoid negative outcomes. While we first …
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Investigating brain-wide neural mechanisms using fMRI and novel tools
… brain-wide processing of rewarding and aversive stimuli relevant to decision making. My primary experimental tool is functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), applied in anesthetized and awake rats, and I introduce methodologically significant innovations along with my scientific work. In …
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The differential effects of stressors on aversive, novel and appetitive stimuli in rats
Stressors produce an array of effects on both aversively- and appetitively-motivated behaviors. Because aversive stimuli motivate behaviors in aversively-motivated tasks, assessing stressors effects in these tasks requires re-exposure to aversive stimuli. This is not the case in …
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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY AND A MINDFULNESS-BASED THERAPY WITH PARENTS OF INDIVIDUALS DIAGNOSED WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
… physiological responding in the presence of aversive stimuli. In order to compare a mindfulness-based training approach to a full ACT model, we utilized a probe design imbedded in a non-concurrent additive multiple baseline design (A-B-BC) in Experiment 2 with three parents of individuals …
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Inescapable Aversive Stimulus Decreases Subsequent Escape Responding in Humans: An Investigation of the Learned Helplessness Effect in a 3D Virtual Environment
<p>Exposure to an inescapable aversive stimulus decreases escape responses to subsequent escapable aversive stimuli. This is known as the learned helplessness effect. In the present experiment, human participants were trained in an immersive, 3D virtual environment analog of an operant chamber …
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Conditioned taste and visual aversions in chicks: effects of social transmission of acquired behavior
… individual's behavior toward relatively neutral stimuli. The present study investigated the possibility that social interactions direct an individual's behavior toward aversive stimuli. Following aversion conditioning to a visual (red water) or taste (3% vinegar) CS, 80 chicks individually …
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Responses to infant vocalizations as a function of veridical and non-veridical feedback: an experimental analog of child abuse
… experimental analog. Infant cries were used as aversive stimuli within a learned helplessness paradigm to examine the relationship between crying and infant-directed aggression. Subjects were assigned to one of several feedback conditions and were required to select one of nine responses …
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A Comparison of Procedures to Reduce Self-Abusive Behavior in an Institutionalized Male
… or eliminating such behaviors. Adversive stimuli such as shock or aromatic ammonia capsules have proven effective in eliminating self-abusive behaviors. Most settings do not allow the use of aversive stimuli without first exhausting less intrusive possibilities. One of these, …
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Behavioral and neural bases of emotion regulation in childhood and adolescence
… of emotional responses to social and non-social aversive stimuli in individuals aged 10-22. Study 1 additionally examined the interaction between individual differences in sensitivity to social rejection and age and how this impacts regulation of emotional responses to social stimuli. Across …
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Cue the disgust: the effect of smoking cues and disgusting images in anti-tobacco advertisements on smokers' and nicotine-withdrawn smokers' psychophysiological responses, smoking urges, and intent to quit smoking
… indicated that the combination of appetitive stimuli (smoking cues) with aversive stimuli (disgust images) in a single anti-tobacco message (smoking cue/high disgust message) created cognitive dissonance for both non-withdrawn smokers and nicotine-withdrawn smokers between urges to smoke and …
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Temperament and Character Correlates of the Startle Reflex
… of individual differences in reactivity to aversive stimuli. (Corr, 1997). Since this finding, a new version Cloninger’s measure includes character subscales that like temperament, have been proposed to modify the meaning of experiences, changing emotional reactions. High scorers on the …
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Expression of tyramine β – hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase genes in response to odor valence in the brain of the honey bee, Apis mellifera
… approach or avoidance behaviors to rewarding or aversive stimuli are reinforced via specific neural pathways. In invertebrates, less is understood about the mechanisms and brain regions involved in mediating reward and aversion. Invertebrate research suggests octopamine (OA) signaling mediates …
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Dopaminergic modulation of prefrontal cortex subpopulations
… gray (dPAG) during the processing of an aversive stimulus. First, using electrochemical approaches, we reveal the precise time course of tail pinch-evoked dopamine release in the mPFC. Second, we show that dopamine signaling in the mPFC biases behavioral responses to punishment-predictive …
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Controllability and its effect on psychological functioning
… in psychopathology. Controllability over various aversive stimuli was manipulated in healthy student participants. Studies 1 and 2 explored the impact of controllability on autobiographical memory. Study 1 found that lacking perceived control led to the retrieval of more categoric memories. Study …
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Neural Mechanisms Involved in Emotion /Attention Interactions
… groups showed greater interference from negative stimuli. Control and depression participants showed a stronger positive dACC-DLPFC relationship for negative versus neutral words, indicating greater dACC-DLPFC implemented control in the presence of negative distractors. In contrast, individuals …
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Extinction of Threat Memory via Reconsolidation Interference: A Behavioral Intervention Meta-Analysis
<p>Threat memories are created when an aversive stimulus is paired with other stimuli such that the associated stimuli elicit the same reaction as the unpleasant one. Anxiety disorders are usually treated with exposure to aversive stimuli. Emotional memories can be altered through a process called …
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