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Showing 1 to 20 of 21 for “"Apicomplexan parasites"”.
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Molecular Interactions between Apicomplexan Parasites and their Host Cells
<p>Parasitic diseases caused by pathogens of the Apicomplexan phylum result in hundreds of thousands of deaths per year, in addition to being an immense socioeconomic burden on vulnerable populations. A notorious case is that of Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria and one of the …
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Molecular Detection for the Apicomplexan Parasites Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cryptosporidium spp.
… and Cryptosporidium spp. are intestinal Apicomplexan parasites that can cause severe diarrheal disease in children and immunocompromised hosts. Diagnostic challenges using routine diagnostic methods lead to an underreporting of these parasites, particularly in resource-limited settings. …
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Dynamics and Fate of the inner Membrane Complex in Apicomplexan Parasites
… Toxoplasma gondii. These obligate intracellular parasites survive and replicate within suitable eukaryotic hosts, ultimately rupturing infected cells to release parasites that can invade neighboring cells. Repeated cycles of infection and lysis are responsible for the pathogenesis associated with …
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Cell cycle checkpoints and checkpoint kinases in the apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium and Toxoplasma
… from Anopheles mosquitoes to humans, where parasites infect hepatocytes and then erythrocytes. Intra-erythrocytic stages cause the clinical symptoms of malaria and are mainly treated by the front-line drug artemisinin. Since the late 2000’s there has been a rise in artemisinin-resistant …
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Prevalence and Identity of Tissue Cyst Forming Apicomplexan Parasites in the Muscles of Raptors
… information on the distribution and diversity of Apicomplexan protozoal infections in the tissues of raptors in the United States. Protozoan encephalitis caused by Sarcocystis species and Toxoplasma gondii is being increasingly reported in raptors from various locations in the United States. To …
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The Role of Actin Depolymerizing Factor in Regulating Actin Dynamics in Toxoplasma gondii
Apicomplexan parasites utilize a unique process of rapid motility termed gliding, which is coupled to their invasion of host cells. Gliding and invasion are dependent on parasite actin filaments, yet parasite actin is mostly non-filamentous. Filaments have been detected only transiently during …
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Multidimensional profiling of the Toxoplasma gondii proteome
… In the asexual and replicating stages of apicomplexan parasites, these pathways initiate and sustain transitions within the lytic cycle responsible for parasite spread and pathogenesis. Among these early-branching parasitic protists are the etiologic agents of the widespread, persistent, …
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Investigation of Specialized Metabolites in Apicomplexan Parasite Life Cycles
… that include various ecological niches are apicomplexan parasites. The most notorious parasites belong to the genera Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, which are responsible for malaria and toxoplasmosis, respectively. Traditional efforts to reduce malaria include pharmaceuticals and prevention of …
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Using Evolutionary Genomics to Elucidate Parasite Biology and Host-Pathogen Interactions
… likely to be important in the biology of apicomplexan parasites, including Plasmodium (the causative agent of malaria) and Toxoplasma (a leading source of congenital neurological birth defects, and a prominent opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed individuals). In particular, we have …
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Molecular target identification of antimalarial drugs using proteomic and metabolomic approaches
… present in the malaria parasite and other apicomplexan parasites. It was demonstrated that the apicoplast is essential for parasite's survival. The supply of isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate for isoprenoid biosynthesis is the sole function of this organelle in the …
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Biochemical Characterization of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Type II NADH Dehydrogenases - Physiological Impact on Mitochondrial Functions and Energy Metabolism
… type II NADH dehydrogenases (NDH2s) in apicomplexan parasites have been considered as potential drug targets due to the absence in mammalian cells. Toxoplasma gondii encodes two isoforms of NDH2s, TgNDH2-I and TgNDH2-II, whose functions are not known. Therefore, this study is explicitly …
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Analysis of CDPK1 targets identifies a trafficking adaptor complex that regulates microneme exocytosis in Toxoplasma
Apicomplexan parasites use Ca²⁺-regulated exocytosis to secrete essential virulence factors from specialized organelles called micronemes. Ca²⁺-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are required for microneme exocytosis; however, the molecular events that regulate trafficking and fusion of micronemes …
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Lysine acetyltransferase Gcn5-B regulates the expression of crucial genes in Toxoplasma and its function is regulated through lysine acetylation
… expression and is a validated drug target of apicomplexan parasites, but little is known about the roles of individual histone modifying enzymes and how they are recruited to target genes. The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (phylum Apicomplexa) is unusual among invertebrates in …
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Nucleosome-independent permanently condensed chromosome: investigation of novel nuclear organisation in the dinoflagellates
… primary production. Close relatives to the apicomplexan parasites and ciliates, the dinoflagellates, however, have a shockingly different nuclear biology. The dinoflagellates have massively inflated genomes (2-245 Gbps, up to 80X that of humans), permanently condensed liquid crystalline …
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Scratching the surface: Diversity among the first sequenced extrachromosomal genomes of parasites in the suborder Adeleorina (Apicomplexa) with a focus on Hepatozoon species.
… are a large protozoan phylum of obligate parasites that infect a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Within the Apicomplexa, the suborder Adeleorina is composed of some of the least understood and most biologically diverse parasites in the phylum. The occurrence of a …
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Antimalarials from Plant Pathogenic Fungi
… organelle, essential for the survival of apicomplexan parasites, such as Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans. This dissertation describes the isolation, characterization, and biological evaluation of secondary metabolites of eight fungal strains. In addition to the antiplasmodial …
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Gregarine parasitism in dragonfly populations of Central Texas with an assessment of fitness costs in Erythemis simplicicollis.
Dragonfly parasites are widespread and frequently include gregarines (Phylum Apicomplexa) in the gut of the host. Gregarines are ubiquitous protozoan parasites that infect arthropods worldwide. More than 1,600 gregarine species have been described, but only a small percentage of invertebrates have …
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Investigations of the assembly and function of the Toxoplasma micropore
*Toxoplasma gondii* is an apicomplexan parasite that can invade all warm-blooded animals. One of the characteristic features of this parasite is its pellicle, a complex three-layer membrane that includes flattened vesicles that run the entire parasite. *Toxoplasma*’s pellicle has conferred the …
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Glutathione metabolism of Plasmodium falciparum
Apicomplexan parasites of the genus Plasmodium are the causative agent of malaria, one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide. Five different Plasmodium species can cause malaria in humans, leading to a total of approximately 500 million cases each year and of these, P. falciparum …
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AP2IX-4, a Cell Cycle Regulated Nuclear Factor, Modulates Gene Expression During Bradyzoite Development in Toxoplasma Gondii
Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous, protozoan parasite contributing significantly to global human and animal health. In the host, this obligate intracellular parasite converts into a latent tissue cyst form known as the bradyzoite, which is impervious to the immune response. The tissue cysts …
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