Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 43 for “"Amyloid-β (aβ)"”.
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Role of the Vitamin D Receptor in MDR1/P-glycoprotein Regulation at the Blood-brain Barrier
… (P-gp). It has also been shown that amyloid-β (Aβ), a key player in Alzheimer's disease, is a P-gp substrate. We demonstrate that P-gp levels and function are upregulated upon activation by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) via its natural ligand 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
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Astrocyte and vascular changes contribute to Alzheimer's disease
… is defined by the pathological accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuronal loss, and the activation of astrocytes and microglia. One of the early indicators of AD is a global reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF), which precedes significant plaque formation …
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Ectodomain Mutations Alter the Proteolysis of the Amyloid-β Precursor Protein (APP)
… Americans. In AD patients there is a buildup of amyloid plaque in the brain, which contributes to AD symptoms. The main component of plaques is Amyloid-β (Aβ), a 40-42 length peptide formed from Amyloid-β Precursor Protein (APP) proteolysis. APP proteolysis can result in either anti-trophic or …
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Insulin, Cholesterol and A-beta: Roles and Mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathologies, insulin resistance, neuro-inflammation and dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis, all of which play a role in neuro-degeneration. The main aim of this study was to determine possible relationships between insulin …
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The Role of Perivascular Fibrosis In Post-Stroke Glymphatic Impairment and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
<p>In healthy brain tissue, toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins are transported by the pulsatile flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along perivascular drainage pathways. Ischemic stroke may disrupt this process, leading to a perivascular build-up of Aβ, termed cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). I …
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The Conformational Dynamics of the Polymorphic Amyloid β Protofilaments
… focused on understanding the interaction between amyloid β (Aβ) protofilaments and model bilayers.|The community, as a whole, does not know the 3D structure of the Aβ protofilament. Therefore, we studied two polymorphic Aβ (9-40) structures [1] as likely conformations. We relaxed the structures …
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The Development and Application of Ultra-sensitive Protein Aggregate Detection Techniques
… studying the role of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in amyloid- β (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The isoform-specific and lipidation-specific behaviours of apoE and the co-aggregates formed with A β are explored. The discussion proposes potential therapeutic strategies involving the …
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Involvement of the Sigma-1 Receptor in Neuronal Cell Death and Alzheimer's Disease
… symptoms. The hallmarks of AD are aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and development of neurofibrillary tau tangles in the brain, which are thought to be correlated with progressive neuronal cell death in AD. Aβ leads to increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, decreased autophagy, and …
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Fibrin Formation and Dissolution in the Progression of Amyloid-Beta Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease
… a major cause of AD is the production of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, which is proteolytically derived from the amyloid-β precursor protein. The Aβ peptide can oligomerize and be deposited as extracellular plaques in the brain and blood vessels, but the mechanism of how it leads to neuronal …
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APP Processing: A Biochemical Competition Influenced by Exercise-Induced Signalling Mediators
… of this disease is excessive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, which can aggregate to form the plaques commonly associated with this disease. These plaques are often observed well before symptoms of AD develop. Therefore, it is important to find ways to regulate the pathways involved in …
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Probing the conformational dynamics of amyloid oligomers in biologically relevant microenvironments
Amyloidogenic peptides, classified for their propensity to form fibrillar cross-β structures, are both physiologically functional and implicated in the development of diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is generally accepted that metastable oligomers are the principal cytotoxic species, …
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Investigating Pathogenic Mechanisms and Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease
… the 1980’s are brain deposits of extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) and intraneuronal tau, more recently, other pathways have been implicated in disease pathophysiology. Modifiable risk factors associated with lifestyle interventions, including diabetes, depression and sedentarism, are linked to AD, …
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The hypothalamic role of BACE1 in energy homeostasis
… for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).<br/>The β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is critically involved in AD development, cleaving the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to generate amyloid-β (Aβ), which drives progression of the hallmark pathologies of AD. Consequently, higher …
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Investigating the role of estrogen deprivation and diet-induced insulin resistance on markers of amyloid-β production and degradation in the brain
… has recently been associated with increased amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, a main feature of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Furthermore, diet-induced insulin resistance has also been shown to increase Aβ; however, whether this process is exacerbated with the loss of estrogen remains unknown. We aimed to …
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The effects of catalase and kisspeptin overexpression on amyloid peptide toxicity
Amyloid β (Aβ) is the major component of the senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The mechanism underlying cell death in AD includes oxidative stress, apoptosis, impaired mitochondrial function and receptor mediated effects. Compounds that specifically bind to Aβ are neuroprotective. …
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Investigating alterations in autophagy in Alzheimer’s disease using human brain tissue and skin-derived fibroblasts
… neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing amyloid-β (Aβ). Autophagy is a normal intracellular mechanism that functions to degrade damaged cellular proteins. Studies have shown that there is an association between the dysfunction of the two main autophagy pathways-macroautophagy (MA) and …
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Characterisation of neurodegenerative diseases derived protein aggregates using improved single-molecule pull-down
… to characterise soluble α-Synuclein (αS) and Amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates in serum from patients with PD and controls. Our findings reveal that the ratio of detected aggregates (αS/(Aβ+αS)) and morphological information of αS aggregates can be differentiated between PD samples and controls. We …
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Molecular origins of tissue vulnerability to aberrant aggregation in protein misfolding diseases
… the aggregation of specific proteins, including amyloid β (Aβ) and tau in AD and α-synuclein in PD, hallmark these disorders, such behaviour is a consequence of a wider, system-level disruption of protein homeostasis. In order to identify the genetic factors contributing to such a disruption, the …
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Structural Characterization of Plaque Seeded Amyloid-β Fibrils by Magic Angle Spinning NMR
Accumulation of plaques consisting of amyloid fibrils of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aβ is prone to polymorphism and the structure of fibrils is sensitive to the conditions under which they are formed. The two dominant forms of Aβ are …
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ApoE Receptors in Alzheimer's and CNS Function
… synaptic plasticity and protects against amyloid β (Aβ) oligomer-induced synaptic toxicity in vitro. Here, mice with reduced Reelin expression were more sensitive to amyloid-induced synaptic suppression, and had memory and learning disabilities at very low amyloid levels. However, this …
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