Global ETD Search
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Showing 1 to 20 of 53 for “"Alphavirus"”.
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Characterization of a Newly Identified Alphavirus, Eilat Virus
Most alphaviruses are mosquito-borne and exhibit a broad host range, infecting many different vertebrates including birds, rodents, equids, humans, and nonhuman primates as well as mosquito species encompassing at least eight genera. The ability of alphaviruses to infect both arthropods and …
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The Biotechnological Applications of an Insect-Specific Alphavirus
… of Eilat virus (EILV), an insect-specific alphavirus that phylogenetically groups within the mosquito-borne clade of medically relevant alphaviruses including eastern (EEEV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEEV), as well as chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. Despite its evolutionary …
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Mechanisms and Genetic Determinants of Alphavirus Infection of Mosquito Vectors
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a mosquito-borne disease that has caused hundreds-of-thousands of human and equine cases. Since epizootic strains have historically been the largest public health threat, the majority of experimental studies have focused on these strains. Recently, …
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The Development of New Tools to Investigate Alphavirus Replication Kinetics
Members of the alphavirus genus pose a serious or potential threat to public health in many areas of the world. Nearly all alphaviruses are maintained in nature by transmission cycles that involve alternating replication in a susceptible vertebrate and invertebrate host. The maintenance of this …
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Characterization of the entry mechanisms utilized by the alphavirus venezuelan equine encephalitis virus to infect mosquito cells
… equine encephalitis eirus (VEEV) is a New World alphavirus that can cause fatal encephalitis in humans. VEEV is an enveloped, positive-strand RNA virus that is transmitted by a mosquito vector. Most research on alphavirus entry was done with the Old World alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) in …
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Evidence for RNA interference as an antiviral immune response to alphavirus infection in the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti
… and infection with o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) (Alphavirus; Togaviridae) in An. gambiae resulted in a significant increase in viral titers and increased dissemination of the virus in those mosquitoes. Additionally, injection of the virus along with dsRNA targeting a viral gene resulted in …
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Evaluation of arthropod-borne virus recombination potential and phenotype: In vitro and in vivo analysis of flavivirus and alphavirus model systems
… I designed, constructed, and evaluated various alphavirus (chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Sindbis virus (SINV)) and flavivirus (yellow fever virus (YFV) 17D) recombinant crosses. Standard molecular cloning methodologies were used to generate CHIKV, SINV, and YFV 17D replicon/defective helper …
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Factors affecting transduction efficiency of pseudotyped viral vectors incorporating alphaviral glycoproteins
… with the envelope of Ross River Virus (RRV), an alphavirus. Here, we substituted amino-acid residues of RR-envelope glycoprotein with basic amino-acid residues. We show that this makes the pseudotyped virus utilize heparan sulfate, a ubiquitous molecule present on the surfaces of most cells, as …
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Epidemiology of Sindbis fever in South Africa and development of a real-time pan-alphavirus PCR assay for the detection of Sindbis and other medically important alphaviruses
The genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae consists of approximately 30 single stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses which cause diseases ranging from mild, febrile illness with rash and arthritis to life-threatening encephalitis. Sindbis virus is the prototype virus for this genus and is the …
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Characterization of an Amphipathic Alpha-Helix in the Membrane Targeting and Viral Genome Replication of Brome Mosaic Virus
… feature among positive-strand RNA viruses of the alphavirus-like superfamily that includes notable human viruses such as Hepatitis E virus and Rubella virus as well as plant viruses such as cucumber mosaic virus and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. Our results demonstrate a critical role for helix B …
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ANIMAL MODELS FOR BEHAVIORAL CHANGES OR HEARING LOSS UPON ACUTE VIRUS INFECTIONS
… of neurological sequelae; arenaviruses and alphaviruses. Both of these viruses are important human pathogens and the cause of the long-term neurological damage, the related pathology and the mechanisms associated with sequelae have not been identified. Sensorineural hearing loss is detected …
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Sindbis virus usurps the cellular HUR protein to stabilize its transcripts and promote infections of mammalian and mosquito cells
Members of the genus Alphavirus are recognized as significant human pathogens. Infection of vertebrate hosts often results in febrile illness and occasionally severe encephalitis. The archetypical alphavirus is Sindbis virus, which we have utilized in these studies. The genomic and subgenomic RNAs …
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Intersecting Threats: Exploring Obesity's Impact on Viral Pathogenesis and Transmission
… and economic losses. Obesity was shown to worsen alphavirus pathogenesis, but interestingly, it also reduced their transmission by mosquitoes. Given the global prevalence of obesity and mosquito-borne viruses, it is critical to understand how obesity drives reduced alphavirus transmission. Using a …
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Utilizing Proteomic Techniques to Discover Host Protein Interactions with the E1 Glycoprotein of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV) for Anti-Viral Discovery
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an alphavirus that causes disease in humans and equines eliciting both an agricultural and public health threat. In humans, the disease typically presents as a febrile illness with common signs of fever and malaise. Four to fourteen percent of …
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Investigation of mosquito (diptera: culicidae)-borne viruses circulating in some selected areas of Lusaka district, Zambia.
… each were screened using a pan-flavivirus, pan-alphavirus, and pan-phlebovirus RT-PCR assay to detect the respective virus genera genome in total RNA extracted from the mosquito lysates. Phylogenetic analysis based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) amino acid sequences was used to …
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Investigation of mosquito (diptera: culicidae)-borne viruses circulating in some selected areas of Lusaka district, Zambia.
… each were screened using a pan-flavivirus, pan-alphavirus, and pan-phlebovirus RT-PCR assay to detect the respective virus genera genome in total RNA extracted from the mosquito lysates. Phylogenetic analysis based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) amino acid sequences was used to …
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Investigating the effects of pH on alphaviral E3-E2 glycoprotein association, organization, and cellular tropism
<p>In alphaviruses the role of E3 is required in protecting the fusion peptide region of E1 during intracellular transport. Throughout viral processing, the association of E2 and E3 is required for the successful trafficking and incorporation of E1 into the mature virion. This E3-E2 association has …
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Neurological Consequences of Viral Encephalitis: Behavioral Deficits, Neuronal Restructuring, and Therapeutic Interventions
… encephalitis virus (VEEV), a neuroinvasive alphavirus that causes severe neurological symptoms, including seizures and encephalitis, with no available treatments or vaccines. Despite its significant public health implications, including its potential as a biological weapon, VEEV remains …
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